數(shù)控鉆銑床臥式六軸轉(zhuǎn)塔頭刀架機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)

摘要
臥式六軸轉(zhuǎn)塔頭是一種自動(dòng)換刀裝置。它帶有六根完全相同的主軸，采用液壓抬起、分度和夾緊，轉(zhuǎn)塔的定位采用鼠齒盤結(jié)構(gòu)。轉(zhuǎn)塔頭的動(dòng)作順序?yàn)橹鬏S停轉(zhuǎn)，傳動(dòng)主軸的滑動(dòng)齒輪脫開，轉(zhuǎn)塔頭抬起，然后轉(zhuǎn)位、下降、定位和夾緊，傳動(dòng)主軸的滑動(dòng)齒輪進(jìn)入嚙合，主軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，即可開始加工。一般可以完成鉆、擴(kuò)、鉸、攻絲、鏜孔、車端面和銑削等工藝內(nèi)容。從而大大提高了生產(chǎn)效率，在中小批量生產(chǎn)中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。
本次設(shè)計(jì)的臥式六軸轉(zhuǎn)塔頭包含了主要的機(jī)械零部件，因此涉及了主軸、齒輪、軸承、鍵、聯(lián)接件、液壓缸等等零件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和校核，在設(shè)計(jì)過程中運(yùn)用了類比的設(shè)計(jì)方法和大膽的組合設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新方法，改善了主軸夾緊刀具裝置。由于近兩年開發(fā)的伺服電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)刀架和采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)帶銑削功能的動(dòng)力刀架，使國內(nèi)數(shù)控刀架技術(shù)向高速化、復(fù)合化方向發(fā)展。相信數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架技術(shù)的應(yīng)用將更能有效提高生產(chǎn)效率和產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。

關(guān)鍵詞：臥式；轉(zhuǎn)塔頭；自動(dòng)換刀；刀架











Six-axis Horizontal CNC Drilling and Milling Machine Turret Head Turret Mechanism Design
ABSTRACT
The horizontal six shafts turret-head is an automatic equipment which can change tools by order. It is made up of six same shafts and can do a series of movement, include slitting, turning, clamping by hydraulic pressure, and locating by dentate disc. The turret-head can realize a series of movements in order as follows, stopping spindle, the sliding gear divided from spindle driving, turret-head rising, and then locomotion, descend, positioning and clamping. After spindle sliding into gear meshing, spindle will start working. Generally it can carry out drilling, expansion joints, tapping, boring, milling etc. Thus it greatly improves the efficiency of production, and it is widely used in small and medium-sized manufacturing.
The design of horizontal six shafts turret-head is composed of many mechanical components. So this paper refers to the check of main shaft gear, bearing, hydraulic cylinder, key and bolt etc. With the combination of analogy and innovation throughout, we have improved the spindle clamping device and have come up with the idea that the two coordinate’s hydraulic movable fork enables the wear to be zero. With the exploitation of the servo motor-driven carrier and milling carrier designed with modular method in last two years, domestic CNC technology developed toward the direction of high speed and complexity. We believe that the application of tool carrier will improve producing efficiency and the quality of products.

Keywords: Horizontal; Turret-head; Automatic Tool Changing; Tool Carrier






目 錄
第1 章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 轉(zhuǎn)塔頭在數(shù)控機(jī)床上應(yīng)用的歷史與現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2.1 數(shù)控刀架技術(shù)發(fā)展演變 1
1.2.2 數(shù)控刀架的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及技術(shù)的發(fā)展演變 2
1.2.3 國內(nèi)外數(shù)控刀架最新技術(shù)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 3
1.3 選擇數(shù)控機(jī)床轉(zhuǎn)塔頭設(shè)計(jì)課題的目的和意義 7
第2 章 轉(zhuǎn)塔頭的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 7
2.1 方案論證 7
2.1.1自動(dòng)換刀方式的選擇 7
2.1.2主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的選擇 8
2.1.3 回轉(zhuǎn)與分度方式的選擇 9
2.2 主軸切削力和最大扭矩的計(jì)算 13
2.2.1主軸鉆削功率和扭矩的計(jì)算 13
2.2.2主軸銑削速度和功率的計(jì)算 14
2.2.3 主軸傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 17
2.3 齒輪的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 20
2.3.1 I級齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 20
2.3.2 II級齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 24
2.3.3 III 級齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 24
2.4軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及校核 28
2.4.1 軸的分類及特點(diǎn) 28
2.4.2 軸的材料及熱處理 29
2.4.3 II軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 29
2.4.4 傳動(dòng)軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 31
2.4.5 主軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 32
2.4.6 主軸的校核 34
2.5 軸承的設(shè)計(jì)和校核 35
2.5.1．傳動(dòng)軸軸承選擇 35
2.6 鍵的設(shè)計(jì)與校核 37
2.6.1 Ⅱ軸齒輪鍵的選擇與校核 37
2.6.2 Ⅲ軸齒輪鍵I的選擇與校核 38
2.6.3 Ⅲ軸齒輪鍵II的選擇與校核 38
2.6.4 Ⅳ軸齒輪鍵的選擇與校核 39
第3 章 中心液壓缸的設(shè)計(jì) 40
3.1 中心液壓缸的工作過程 40
3.2 中心壓力缸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 40
3.2.1 壓力缸的結(jié)構(gòu)選擇 40
3.2.2 壓力缸主要參數(shù)計(jì)算 41
3.3 螺栓強(qiáng)度的校核 45
第4章 轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架三維裝配與動(dòng)作過程 46
4.1 轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架的PROE造型 46
4.2 轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架動(dòng)作過程 47
4.2.1 齒輪傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)總圖 47
4.2.2 轉(zhuǎn)塔頭動(dòng)作過程 48
總結(jié) 49
參考文獻(xiàn) 50
致謝 51
附錄 52