摘 要

天然單晶金剛石是世界上最硬的物質(zhì)，所以作為磨料和切削工具，其性能是無與倫比的，以金剛石車刀為例，其刃口圓弧半徑可以刃磨到連掃描電子顯微鏡，SEM，也無法檢測，直到現(xiàn)在還沒有一種材料能取而代之，利用它來切削加工，往往可以直接獲得鏡面，當(dāng)前被廣泛地應(yīng)用于儀表、電子、光學(xué)等領(lǐng)域，成為不可缺少的切削工具的材料，但是因成本昂貴，刃磨需要高超的技藝，所以一直妨礙其廣泛的應(yīng)用。超硬材料由于性能優(yōu)越，應(yīng)用不斷地在擴(kuò)大，已從金屬加工發(fā)展到了光學(xué)玻璃加工、石材加工、陶瓷加工、硬脆材料加工等傳統(tǒng)加工難進(jìn)行的領(lǐng)域。
自1955年美國GE公司采用高溫高壓的方法獲得人造金剛石以來，引起全世界的關(guān)切，尤其是對缺乏天然金剛石礦藏的國家具有巨大的吸引力。1957年以高溫高壓的方法合成了立方氮化硼。(CBN)。這些人造材料大大地豐富了材料寶庫，特別有利于切削工具的發(fā)展。當(dāng)時(shí)這些材料在機(jī)械加工領(lǐng)域的主要用途是作磨料。經(jīng)過20多年的努力，1977年GE公司又成功地開發(fā)了金剛石燒結(jié)體(PCD)和CBN燒結(jié)體(PCBN)，并制造成刀片，使人造超硬材料的用途進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展，由磨削擴(kuò)展到了切削。刀具質(zhì)量直接決定了它的功用。因此，研磨金剛石刀具對先進(jìn)切削技術(shù)尤為重要。
金剛石刀具研磨裝置設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容主要為：金剛石刀具研磨裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和夾具設(shè)計(jì)并編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書。
說明書主要對研磨裝置的方案選擇，對各主要零件的選擇及對參數(shù)的校核計(jì)算以及對各主要零件的作用進(jìn)行介紹。
在對機(jī)械專業(yè)知識(shí)的掌握的基礎(chǔ)上，以及金工實(shí)習(xí)和生產(chǎn)實(shí)習(xí)積累和掌握的研磨加工工藝，和對磨床的認(rèn)識(shí)，通過對磨床各實(shí)際零件分析，確定出最后的設(shè)計(jì)方案并設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的夾具。


關(guān)鍵詞：金剛石刀具，主軸設(shè)計(jì)，研磨裝置，夾具設(shè)計(jì)，超硬刀具



ABSTRACT

Natural single-crystal diamond is the world's most hard material, so as abrasive and cutting tools, the performance is unparalleled, to Diamond Tool for example, its edge radius can be grinding to even the scanning electron microscope, SEM, also Can not be detected until now has not been a material can be replaced, cutting it to use, can often be obtained directly mirror, is currently widely used instruments, electronic, optical, and other fields, become an indispensable tool for cutting the material, but Due costly, Grinding needs superb artistry, been impede their widely applied Superhard materials due to superior performance, application constantly expanding, from metal processing to the development of optical glass processing, stone processing, ceramics processing, hard and brittle material processing difficult for traditional processing areas.
Since 1955 the U.S. company GE used the method of access to high temperature and high pressure man-made diamond, caused worldwide concern, especially for the lack of natural diamond deposits of the country has tremendous appeal. 1957 ways to high temperature and high pressure of the CBN. (CBN). These man-made materials greatly enriched the treasure trove of material, particularly conducive to the development of cutting tools. At that time, these materials in the field of mechanical processing is the main purpose for abrasive. After 20 years of effort, 1977 GE companies have also successfully developed a diamond sintered (PCD) and CBN sintered (PCBN), and to create a blade, so that the use of man-made super-hard materials to further expand and extend from grinding to cutting .
Diamond cutter grinding device designed mainly to: diamond design of cutter grinding device n and structure of the fixture that fit for the design specification.
In the mechanical expertise of the master on the basis of production and metalworking practice and practice and master the accumulation of ground processing technology, and awareness of the grinding machine, through the grinder parts of the actual analysis, to determine the final design plan and design the corresponding fixture .


Key words: diamond cutter, spindle design, grinding device, fixture design, super-hard tool

目 錄

摘 要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1 緒論 1
1.1金剛石刀具介紹 1
1.1.1金剛石材料的特性 1
1.1.2 金剛石及超硬材料在應(yīng)用中的注意事項(xiàng) 3
1.2金剛石刀具研磨技術(shù)的發(fā)展與展望 3
1.2.1天然金剛石刀具的發(fā)展概況 3
1.2.2 人造金剛石PCD及其刀具的發(fā)展概況 5
2 課題提出 8
3 研磨裝置方案擬定 9
3.1主傳動(dòng)方案 9
3.1.1方案一:齒輪傳動(dòng) 9
3.1.2方案二：鏈傳動(dòng) 9
3.1.3方案三:帶傳動(dòng) 9
3.2 運(yùn)動(dòng)方案 10
3.3 進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)方案 10
3.3.1 方案一 凸輪機(jī)構(gòu) 10
3.3.2 方案二 偏心輪機(jī)構(gòu) 10
3.3.3 方案三 絲桿傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu) 10
4 裝置主要部分設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 11
4.1運(yùn)動(dòng)計(jì)算 11
4.1.1 主運(yùn)動(dòng)計(jì)算 11
4.1.2進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng) 11
4.2動(dòng)力計(jì)算 11
4.2.1電機(jī)功率的計(jì)算 11
4.2.2帶傳動(dòng)的計(jì)算 12
4.3 主要參數(shù)的計(jì)算 14
4.3.1.主軸撓度的計(jì)算 15
4.3.2計(jì)算磨盤處的端截面的轉(zhuǎn)角 16
4.3.3計(jì)算磨盤的傾角 16
4.3.4計(jì)算磨盤外緣處的傾量 16
4.4 研磨裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 17
4.4.1總體設(shè)計(jì) 17
4.4.2主要零件及主要尺寸確定的理由 17
4.4.3潤滑系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 17
4.4.4軸承的選擇 17
4.4.5操作部分平皮帶的選擇 18
4.4.6研磨裝置結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖 18
5 夾具設(shè)計(jì) 20
5.1 夾具設(shè)計(jì)概述 20
5.1.1 夾具的主要組成 20
5.1.2 夾具設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容及要求 21
5.2 研磨夾具的設(shè)計(jì) 22
5.2.1錫斗 22
5.2.2研磨夾具 23
6設(shè)計(jì)過程中值得改進(jìn)之處 25
7 結(jié)論 2..