基于dSPACE的重型車試驗(yàn)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)研究（本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)）
摘 要

由于重型車輛的使用條件極為惡劣 ,變速器負(fù)載大檔位多 ,選換檔操縱沉重 ,使駕駛員勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大。結(jié)合中國(guó)汽車工業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀，機(jī)械自動(dòng)變速器 AMT（Automatic Mechanical Transmission）在重型車輛上的運(yùn)用成為一個(gè)很有實(shí)際意義的問(wèn)題。而研究這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要大量的重型車相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)支持，本文所闡述的基于dSPACED 的重型車實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)就在這種背景下產(chǎn)生了。
本文所介紹的實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的由硬件和軟件兩部分組成。硬件主要有檔位傳感器、離合器位移傳感器、加速度傳感器、電荷放大器、硬件系統(tǒng)dSPACE原型AutoBox、350W電源逆變器（由車載蓄電池給筆記本供電）以及筆記本電腦組成。軟件部分是測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的核心，測(cè)試系統(tǒng)通過(guò)程序?qū)⑼ㄓ糜?jì)算機(jī)和dSPACE硬件結(jié)合起來(lái)，用戶首先在Simulink環(huán)境下建立測(cè)試系統(tǒng)模型，驗(yàn)證算法的正確性，控制模型框圖生成后，用 RTW/ Build 工具自動(dòng)生成C代碼，再經(jīng)過(guò)編譯、連接生成可執(zhí)行代碼并下載至 AutoBox 中。最后用ControlDesk軟件建立測(cè)試系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控界面，監(jiān)控實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程并且保存實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。
本文介紹的重型商用車性能測(cè)試系統(tǒng)通過(guò)dSPACE來(lái)完成對(duì)傳感器發(fā)出信號(hào)以及通過(guò)CAN讀取發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)相關(guān)信號(hào)的采集、處理、分析、顯示以及保存。同時(shí)也具有擴(kuò)展能力強(qiáng)、過(guò)渡性好、組合性強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，完全符合所設(shè)想的要求


關(guān)鍵詞：dSPACE，CAN總線，重型商用車

ABSTRACT

Because of the extremely bad conditions in using heavy vehicles, the heavy loads, stalls together with the heavy manipulation of the election shift, the driver’s labour is quite intensive. Based on the present status of the Chinese auto industry, the use of machinery automatic transmission AMT (Automatic Mechanical Transmission) in heavy vehicles is very practical. As the study of this issue requires a large amount of data on heavy vehicles, this paper will elaborated the experimental test system of heavy vehicles which is based on by the dSPACED.
The experimental test system presented in this paper composes two parts----the hardware and the software. The hardware is mainly composed by stall sensors, clutch displacement sensor, acceleration sensor, charge amplifier, the prototype hardware system dSPACE AutoBox, 350W power inverter (supplying electricity from car batteries to laptop power) and notebook computer components. The software is the core of the test system. The test system combines computer and dSPACE hardware through a computer program, then the user establishes a model test system in Simulink environment first to verify the correctness of algorithms, after the generating of model diagram, generates C code with RTW / Build tools automatically, then through another compiler, connect and download executable code generation to the AutoBox. Finally, establish a monitoring interface of the test system through ControlDesk software to monitor the process of the experiment and save the experimental data.
The performance test systems of heavy commercial vehicles presented in this paper completes sending signal to the sensors through dSPACE, collecting, processing, analyzing, displaying and preserveing the engine-related signal through CAN. At the same time it also has advantages such as strong extending ability, strong transition ability and strong combination ability, which are of full compliance with the requirements.


Key words: dSPACE, CAN bus and heavy commercial vehicles

目 錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1緒論 1
1.1課題研究的目的和意義1 2
1.2現(xiàn)代測(cè)試技術(shù)3 2
1.3本課題研究的主要內(nèi)容 3
2 總體設(shè)計(jì)思路介紹 3
3 dSPACE實(shí)時(shí)仿真系統(tǒng)介紹 4
3.1 dSPACE實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)具有很多其他仿真系統(tǒng)所不能比擬的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 4
3.2 dSPACE控制系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)軟件 5
3.2.1 Simulink介紹 5
3.2.2 Real一time Workshop(RTW)軟件 6
3.2.3 代碼生成和下載軟件RTI 6
3.3基于dSPACE的控制系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)步驟 6
4 CAN通信特點(diǎn)及協(xié)議介紹 8
4.1CAN的基本知識(shí) 8
4.2 CAN的技術(shù)規(guī)范 9
4.2.1 CAN通信協(xié)議的分層和物理結(jié)構(gòu) 10
4.2.2 幀結(jié)構(gòu)和報(bào)文的傳送位 12
4.3 CAN應(yīng)用層協(xié)議介紹 13
4.4 CAN通信節(jié)點(diǎn)相關(guān)硬件 13
4.4.1 CAN通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信節(jié)點(diǎn)構(gòu)成 13
4.4.2 CAN通信控制器SJA1000 14
4.4.3 CAN通信收發(fā)器PCA82C250 16
5實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 18
5.1測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的布置與傳感器的選擇.....................................................................18
5.1.1傳感器的選擇 18
5.1.2測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的布置.......................................................................................18
5.2 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)參數(shù)的讀取......................................................................................19
5.3 檔位判斷方法............................................................................................20
5.4 實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程..................................................................................................22
5.5 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果舉例............................................................................................24
6總結(jié)........................................................................................................28
參考文獻(xiàn) 29
致謝 30