摘要：隨著“信息時(shí)代”的到來，作為獲取信息的手段——傳感器技術(shù)得到了顯著的進(jìn)步，其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域越來越廣泛，對(duì)其要求越來越高，需求越來越迫切。傳感器技術(shù)已成為衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展水平的重要標(biāo)志之一。因此，了解并掌握各類傳感器的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、工作原理及特性是非常重要的。
為了提高對(duì)傳感器的認(rèn)識(shí)和了解，尤其是對(duì)煙霧傳感器的深入研究以及其用法與用途，基于實(shí)用、廣泛和典型的原則而設(shè)計(jì)了本系統(tǒng)。本文利用單片機(jī)結(jié)合傳感器技術(shù)而開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)了這一煙霧監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。
本論文以電阻式煙霧傳感器和單片機(jī)技術(shù)為核心并與其他電子技術(shù)相結(jié)合， 設(shè)計(jì)出一種技術(shù)水平較好的煙霧報(bào)警器。其中選用MQ-2型半導(dǎo)體可燃?xì)怏w敏感元件煙霧傳感器實(shí)現(xiàn)煙霧的檢測(cè)，具有靈敏度高、響應(yīng)快、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而且價(jià)格低廉，使用壽命長(zhǎng)。選用的STC12C5410AD單片機(jī)，其整合了A/D轉(zhuǎn)換、硬件乘法器、硬件脈寬調(diào)制器等資源，具 有高速、低功耗、超強(qiáng)抗干擾等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，是目前同類技術(shù)中性價(jià)比較高的產(chǎn) 品。
以STC12C5410AD單片機(jī)和MQ-2型半導(dǎo)體電阻式煙霧傳感器為核心設(shè)計(jì)的煙霧報(bào)警器可實(shí)現(xiàn)聲光報(bào)警、故障自診斷、濃度顯示、報(bào)警限設(shè)置、延時(shí)報(bào)警及與上位機(jī)串口通信等功能。是一種結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、性能 穩(wěn)定、使用方便、價(jià)格低廉、智能化的煙霧報(bào)警器。具有一定的實(shí)用價(jià)值。
關(guān)鍵詞：煙霧，報(bào)警器，STC12C5410，傳感器

Abstract: While “information age” the arrival, obtained the remarkable progress as the gain information method - - sensor technology, its application domain is more and more widespread, is more and more high to its request, the demand is more and more urgent.The sensor technology has become weighs one of national science and technology level of development important symbols.Therefore, understood and grasps each kind of sensor the basic structure, the principle of work and the characteristic is extremely important.
In order to enhance to the sensor understanding and the understanding, in particular to the smog sensor thorough research as well as its usage and the use, based on practical, widespread and the model principle has designed this system.This article used the monolithic integrated circuit union sensor technology to develop has designed this smog supervisory system.。
The present paper take leaves the minor smog sensor and the monolithic integrated circuit technology unifies as the core and with other electronic technology, designs one kind of technical level good smog alarm apparatus.In which selects the 2M007 semiconductor resistance type smog sensor realization smog the examination, has the sensitivity high, responds, the antijamming ability quickly strong and so on the merits, moreover the price is inexpensive, the service life is long.Selects the STC12C5410AD monolithic integrated circuit, its conformity A/D transformed, the hardware multiplier, resources and so on hardware PDM keyer, has high speed, low merits and so on power loss, ultra strong antijamming, is the present similar technology neutral price quite high product.
May realize the acousto-optics take the STC12C5410AD monolithic integrated circuit and the 2M007 semiconductor resistance type gas sensor as the core design smog alarm apparatus to report to the police, the breakdown from the diagnosis, the density demonstrated, reports to the police limits the establishment, the time delay reports to the police and with functions and so in position machine serial port correspondence.Is one kind of structure simple, the performance stable, the easy to operate, the price inexpensive, the intellectualized smog alarm apparatus.Has certain practical value.
Key word: Smog, Alarm apparatus, STC12C5410, Sensor

目　 錄
一、 緒論 1
（一）課題背景 1
（二） 目的和意義 1
（三） 技術(shù)指標(biāo) 1
（四）課題方案的設(shè)計(jì) 2
二、總體電路設(shè)計(jì) 2
（一） 電路方框圖及工作原理 2
（二）整機(jī)電路圖及工作原理 3
（三）本章小結(jié) 4
三、單元電路的設(shè)計(jì)與分析 4
（一）計(jì)數(shù)器 5
（二）譯碼器 7
（三）檢測(cè)地址顯示電路 8
（四）八選一模擬電子開關(guān)——CD4051 9
（五）巡回檢測(cè)與報(bào)警電路 11
（六）繼電器原理說明 15
（七）本章小結(jié) 16
四、 整機(jī)電路的安裝與調(diào)試 16
(一) 整機(jī)電路的安裝……………………………………………………16
（二）元器件檢測(cè) 18
(三) 總體電路的調(diào)試 20
(四)本章小結(jié) 21
五、結(jié) 論 21
參考文獻(xiàn) 22
致 謝 23