基于電子鼻的發(fā)酵過(guò)程狀態(tài)監(jiān)控研究

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摘要 固態(tài)發(fā)酵技術(shù)在我國(guó)有著悠久的歷史。然而由于缺少成熟的過(guò)程檢測(cè)技術(shù)，傳統(tǒng)的固態(tài)發(fā)酵技術(shù)發(fā)酵過(guò)程難以自動(dòng)化控制，生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量難以保證。近年來(lái)，開(kāi)始研究使用電子鼻來(lái)代替人的嗅覺(jué)器官，以達(dá)到對(duì)固態(tài)發(fā)酵過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生氣體的檢測(cè)。
本研究以實(shí)現(xiàn)固態(tài)發(fā)酵過(guò)程檢測(cè)為目的，以研究蛋白飼料固態(tài)發(fā)酵過(guò)程為對(duì)象，開(kāi)展基于電子鼻技術(shù)的固態(tài)發(fā)酵過(guò)程檢測(cè)應(yīng)用研究。重點(diǎn)探討了基于電子鼻技術(shù)的固態(tài)發(fā)酵過(guò)程狀態(tài)模式識(shí)別方法。具體工作如下：首先對(duì)所提取的電子鼻信號(hào)進(jìn)行主元分析法處理并提取主元變量，然后使用支持向量機(jī)結(jié)合主元變量建立固態(tài)發(fā)酵過(guò)程狀態(tài)的識(shí)別模型。
本研究為固態(tài)發(fā)酵過(guò)程檢測(cè)提供了一條新途徑，該研究成果可以為固態(tài)發(fā)酵過(guò)程監(jiān)控儀器裝備的研發(fā)提供基礎(chǔ)。

關(guān)鍵詞: 固態(tài)發(fā)酵，電子鼻，過(guò)程檢測(cè)，PCA，SVM

Monitoring fermentation process using electronic nose
Abstract The technology of solid-state fermentation enjoys a long history in China. The traditional solid-state fermentation process is very difficult to control, as there is no mature technology to the process detection during the fermentation. With the development of biosensor technology, electronic nose is more and more frequently used to replace olfactory organs.

In order to improve the efficiency of process detection and control of solid‒state fermentation (SSF), this work attempted to the feasibility and method of the measurement of process parameters of SSF of protein feed by use of electronic nose.In addition, the pattern recognition of process state of SSF was also focused on by use of electronic nose in this work. The main research points are summarized as follows. With the help of chemometrics analysis,the electronic nose technique was attempted in this work. The feature vectors were extracted by use of PCA, and the number of PCs were optimized by a five‒fold cross‒validation in model calibration. Then,SVM respectively was used to calibrate identification models in order to eva luate the influences of different linear and non‒linear classification algorithms on the classification performance.

This study provides a new idea for the process detection and control of SSF. The results in this work can provide research foundation for developing instruments and equipment for the monitoring of SSF process.

Keywords: solid‒state fermentation; electronic nose; process detection; PCA; SVM目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1課題背景與意義 1
1.1.1研究背景 1
1.1.2研究意義 2
1.2基于電子鼻技術(shù)的發(fā)酵過(guò)程檢測(cè)研究綜述 3
1.2.1電子鼻概述 3
1.2.2電子鼻技術(shù)的發(fā)展 4
1.2.3電子鼻技術(shù)在各領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用 5
1.2.4電子鼻技術(shù)在發(fā)酵過(guò)程中的應(yīng)用 5
1.3本章小結(jié) 7
第二章 蛋白飼料固態(tài)發(fā)酵實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)據(jù)采集 8
2.1材料與方法 8
2.1.1 試驗(yàn)主要儀器設(shè)備 8
2.1.2 試驗(yàn)材料 8
2.1.3 發(fā)酵試驗(yàn) 8
2.2電子鼻信號(hào)采集 9
2.2.1電子鼻系統(tǒng) 9
2.2.2電子系統(tǒng)鼻數(shù)據(jù)采集 12
2.3本章小結(jié) 12
第三章 基于電子鼻技術(shù)的固態(tài)發(fā)酵過(guò)程狀態(tài)識(shí)別研究 13
3.1電子鼻信號(hào)預(yù)處理 13
3.2電子鼻信號(hào)特征提取 15
3.2.1主成分分析法原理 15
3.2.2主成分分析法的計(jì)算步驟 17
3.2.3主成分分析的結(jié)果 18
3.3識(shí)別模型建立及結(jié)果分析 20
3.3.1支持向量機(jī)的概述 20
3.3.2 基于支持向量機(jī)的固態(tài)發(fā)酵過(guò)程狀態(tài)模式識(shí)別 21
3.3.3基于支持向量機(jī)的固態(tài)發(fā)酵過(guò)程狀態(tài)模型結(jié)果分析 23
3.4 本章小結(jié) 24
第四章 結(jié)論與展望 25
4.1主要結(jié)論 26
4.2研究展望 26
致 謝 27
參考文獻(xiàn) 29