家用太陽能熱水器控制器的設(shè)計

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摘要 太陽能熱水器智能控制系統(tǒng)主要包含以下幾個方面的模塊：單片機MCU及其輔助電路、溫度檢測電路、水位檢測及AD電路、鍵盤電路、LCD顯示電路及報警電路、輔助上水及加熱電路。根據(jù)相應(yīng)的硬件以及軟件的設(shè)計解決相應(yīng)自動化的問題。其中關(guān)于自動化檢測和控制的一些設(shè)計想法有助于改良實際生活中已設(shè)計的太陽能熱水器的一些功能，也可以節(jié)約成本，提高性價比。本論文當(dāng)中介紹的太陽能熱水器智能控制系統(tǒng)是以MCS-51單片機為核心, 實現(xiàn)了對熱水器水箱的水位、水溫等進(jìn)行顯示和檢測，并且能夠?qū)ψ詣由纤M(jìn)行控制，在光照不足的陰雨天氣下或著寒冷的季節(jié)里還能夠進(jìn)行輔助電熱，從而提高水溫，在寒冷的冬季能對上水管道的水進(jìn)行排空, 防止管道凍裂，提高了智能系統(tǒng)的安全性以及可靠性。
單片機MCU及其輔助電路由AT89S51單片機及其時鐘電路和復(fù)位電路組成，用來分析以及處理來自數(shù)據(jù)收集模塊的數(shù)字信號，然后根據(jù)程序的要求發(fā)送指令。溫度檢測電路通過溫度檢測芯片DS18B20與單片機相連，讀取太陽能熱水器的溫度。由4個水位電極點和公共電極串聯(lián)電阻組成的水位檢測電路，根據(jù)水位的不同，輸出不同的電壓，連接到AD采樣芯片轉(zhuǎn)化為數(shù)字信號送給單片機分析計算,再重新轉(zhuǎn)化為水位信號。鍵盤電路和LCD顯示電路完成人機對話功能，顯示水溫水位及接受用戶的操作指令上水加熱等。報警電路根據(jù)水溫水位的不同及上水加熱的完成情況通過蜂鳴器的鳴叫完成報警指示。輔助上水及加熱電路根據(jù)用戶的指令及儀器根據(jù)水位水溫自動執(zhí)行的補水或者加熱命令通過繼電器執(zhí)行打開關(guān)閉電磁閥完成上水，通過繼電器打開或關(guān)閉電加熱器完成輔助加熱功能。

關(guān)鍵詞：太陽能熱水器 單片機 自動化 智能控制系統(tǒng)


The Design of Domestic Solar Water Heater Control Device
Abstract Solar water heater intelligent control system mainly includes the following modules: single-chip MCU and it’s auxiliary circuit, temperature detection circuit, the water level detection and AD circuit, keyboard circuit, LCD display circuit and an alarm circuit, auxiliary water supply and heating circuit. According to the corresponding design to solve the corresponding problem of automation. Some thoughts on the design of automatic detection and control of some of the features of solar water heater is helpful to improving the actual life has been designed, it can save the cost, improve the price. The solar water heater intelligent control system for paper introduced is the MCS-51 microcontroller as the core, realize the detection and display of the water level of the water storage tank, water temperature, can control the automatic watering, in the light of rainy weather or the cold season of the auxiliary heating, increased water temperature, drain in the cold winter to the water pipe water, prevent the cracking pipes, improve the intelligent system security and reliability.
Single-chip MCU and its auxiliary circuit is composed of AT89S51 single-chip microcomputer and the clock circuit and reset circuit, used for analysis and processing digital signal from the data collection module, then according to the program requirements to send instructions. The temperature detection circuit of temperature detection chip DS18B20 and SCM connected by, read the solar water heater temperature. A level detection circuit composed of 4 level electric pole and a public electrode series resistance, according to the different water levels, different voltage output, connected to the AD sampling chip into digital signal is sent to the single chip computer analysis and calculation, again into the water level signal. The keyboard circuit and LCD display circuit to complete the man-machine dialogue function, display the water temperature and water level and accept user commands water heating. The alarm circuit according to the different heating temperature and water level completion through the buzzer chirping alarm indication. Water or heating command auxiliary water and heating circuit according to the user according to the instructions and instrument automatic water level and water temperature execution call switch closed solenoid valve complete water by relay, the relay to open or close the electric heater complete auxiliary heating function.
Keywords：Solar Water Heater；Single-chip；Automatic；Intelligent Control Device

目 錄
引 言 1
第一章 太陽能熱水器控制器設(shè)計思路 1
第二章 硬件部分設(shè)計 3
2.1 MCU及其輔助電路 3
2.1.1 AT89S51單片機特性 4
2.1.2 AT89S51管腳說明 4
2.1.3 時鐘電路 6
2.1.4 復(fù)位電路 7
2.2 溫度檢測電路 8
2.2.1 鉑電阻溫度傳感器 9
2.2.2 NTC熱敏電阻 9
2.2.3 數(shù)字式溫度傳感器DS18B20 11
2.3 水位檢測電路及AD轉(zhuǎn)換模塊 13
2.3.1 水位檢測電路 13
2.3.2 AD轉(zhuǎn)換模塊 13
2.4 鍵盤電路 14
2.5 LCD液晶電路 15
2.6 報警電路 16
2.7 輔助上水及電熱功能電路 17
2.7.1 自動上水 17
2.7.2 輔助電熱 17
2.8 太陽能熱水器控制系統(tǒng)電源 18
第三章 軟件設(shè)計部分 19
3.1 主程序流程圖 19
3.2 溫度傳感器DS18B20 20
3.3 A/D數(shù)據(jù)采集程序 23
3.4 液晶顯示電路 26
3.5 報警電路程序 29
3.6 輔助上水加熱程序 30
第四章 總結(jié) 31
致 謝 32
參考文獻(xiàn) 33