基于WSN的種豬產(chǎn)房監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)

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摘要 養(yǎng)豬業(yè)是我國(guó)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，而產(chǎn)房是豬場(chǎng)最關(guān)鍵的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，哺乳仔豬成活率是反應(yīng)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)水平的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)。管理不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致仔豬被壓、咬、踩是造成仔豬死亡的重要原因?，F(xiàn)有產(chǎn)房監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)多側(cè)重于仔豬健康狀況監(jiān)測(cè)，對(duì)上述問(wèn)題的解決方法依賴(lài)于豬舍硬件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。為此，本文提出一種基于無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)（WSN）的種豬產(chǎn)房監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。
系統(tǒng)采用OV7670攝像模組、駐極體話筒、UTC-4432射頻模塊以及MSP430系列單片機(jī)構(gòu)建傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)仔豬活動(dòng)的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)。論文從工作原理、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)、硬件選型以及軟件流程等方面對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)描述。著重介紹了兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)：一是圖像編碼壓縮。由于圖像數(shù)據(jù)量大和通信帶寬的限制，在圖像傳輸前需對(duì)其編碼壓縮。論文對(duì)所選用的JPEG標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編解碼過(guò)程進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述。二是低功耗實(shí)現(xiàn)。由于傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)能量有限，因此降低系統(tǒng)功耗十分關(guān)鍵。論文從硬件選型和軟件控制兩方面入手，來(lái)降低系統(tǒng)功耗。
該系統(tǒng)通過(guò)采集聲音和圖像信息對(duì)仔豬異常情況進(jìn)行判定，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)初生仔豬的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控，彌補(bǔ)了人工管理的缺陷。同時(shí)對(duì)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)低功耗問(wèn)題做出詳細(xì)解釋?zhuān)娱L(zhǎng)系統(tǒng)壽命?；具_(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求。
關(guān)鍵詞： 仔豬護(hù)理 WSN 圖像壓縮 低功耗


Monitoring System of the Sow Delivery Room Based On WSN
Abstract The pig industry is a pillar industry of China aquaculture, and the delivery room is the key to the farm, piglet survival rate is one of the most important index of the production level of a farm. The inappropriate management that lead to the pressure,and bite on the piglets make a huge contribution to the death. The most current delivery room monitoring systems are focused on monitoring the health condition of piglets, and methods to solve the problem depends on the design of the hardware structure of pigsty. Therefore, this paper presents a pig delivery room system monitoring which based on the wireless sensor network (WSN).
To achieve real-time monitoring of the piglets’ activities,the sensor nodes of the system consist of OV7670 camera module, an electret microphone, UTC-4432 RF module and MSP430 MCU. This paper describes the working principle, key technology, hardware selection and software process of the system in detail. This paper focuses on two key techniques: one is the image compression coding. Because of the large amount of image data and the limitations of the communication bandwidth, the image must be compressed before transmission. And this paper describes JPEG standard in detail. Another is low power consumption. As the energy of the sensor node is limited, it is important to reduce the power consumption of the system. To solve this problem, it should take two aspects including the hardware and software to reduce the power consumption of the system.
The system realizes the real-time monitoring of newborn piglets by means of collecting the sound and image information, and make up for the shortcomings of manual management. At the same time, it makes a detailed explanation of the sensor nodes about the low power consumption, extends the service life of the system. And the basic design requirements has met.
Key words: Piglets Nursing WSN Image Compression Low Power Consumption


目 錄
摘要 I
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景及意義 1
1.2 研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.1 種豬產(chǎn)房管理現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.2 無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)現(xiàn)狀 4
1.3 論文組織結(jié)構(gòu) 6
第二章 系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計(jì) 7
2.1 系統(tǒng)整體方案 7
2.2 系統(tǒng)工作原理 8
2.3 系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù) 9
2.3.1 數(shù)據(jù)編碼壓縮 9
2.3.2 傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)低功耗設(shè)計(jì) 9
第三章 彩色圖像及壓縮編碼 11
3.1 彩色圖像基本知識(shí) 11
3.2 圖像壓縮標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 12
3.3 JPEG標(biāo)準(zhǔn)算法 15
3.3.1 JPEG標(biāo)準(zhǔn)簡(jiǎn)介 15
3.3.2 JPEG編碼過(guò)程 16
3.3.3 JPEG譯碼過(guò)程 20
第四章 WSN低功耗節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì) 21
4.1 無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)概述 21
4.1.1 WSN簡(jiǎn)介 21
4.1.2 WSN節(jié)點(diǎn)的特點(diǎn) 22
4.2 WSN的節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì) 23
4.2.1 硬件功耗控制 23
4.2.2 軟件功耗控制 27
第五章 系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)搭建 29
5.1 節(jié)點(diǎn)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 29
5.2 節(jié)點(diǎn)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 34
第六章 總結(jié)與展望 39
6.1 總結(jié) 39
6.2 工作展望 39
致 謝 41
參考文獻(xiàn) 42