西方自然法的發(fā)展與演變
1萬(wàn)字 19頁(yè)
包括開(kāi)題報(bào)告，任務(wù)書(shū)，文獻(xiàn)綜述


摘要
西方的自然法思想歷經(jīng)兩千多年的發(fā)展經(jīng)久不衰，并一直是西方政治法律思想的核心，自在古希臘城邦時(shí)期發(fā)源以后幾經(jīng)嬗變，經(jīng)歷了自然主義自然法時(shí)期、神學(xué)主義自然法時(shí)期、古典主義自然法時(shí)期、新自然法時(shí)期等幾個(gè)階段，成為人類(lèi)歷史上最重要的法律思想?？疾熳匀环ú煌A段的思想內(nèi)容，發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)涵與外延時(shí)伸時(shí)縮，難以明確的定義，其發(fā)展至今所經(jīng)歷的幾種不同形態(tài)都賦予了自然法不同的內(nèi)涵，即便是同一時(shí)期的思想家對(duì)自然法的定義有時(shí)也是大相徑庭。但不管怎么變動(dòng)，追求正義與理性、理想與道德、自由與平等的核心價(jià)值觀念上，始終具有連續(xù)性。雖然由于時(shí)代所限，自然法學(xué)家們對(duì)正義、道德、自由的內(nèi)涵所作的解釋不盡相同，但自然法的理念、自然法的基本主旨以及自然法本身所蘊(yùn)含的理性主義精神仍然是一脈相承的。
關(guān)鍵詞：自然法 理性 正義


Abstract
The west concept of natural law gets through durable not decline of two thousand development many years, and be always west politics law thought core, the origination is almost changed into the unrestrained ancient Greece city-state period as a result of changing hereafter, have experienced several stage such as natural naturalism law period , natural theology doctrine law period , natural classicism law period , new natural law period, become the most important human being law in history thought. Content inspecting the thought being unlike a stage, connotation and extension discovering natural law hold up and shrink intermittently , the boundary is blurred , are difficult to definitely definition, the person develops so far what be experienced several kinds different forms having given natural follow different connotation to, even if the thinker who is scheduled time with a period of time is also to be very unlike to natural law definition sometimes. Go ahead but freely with reason , ideal and morality, with equal core values disregarding why changes , runs after justice , have a continuity all the time. Though because of what times is limited,that natural jurists follow rationalism spirit contained by self to the idea , fundamental natural law gist and natural world being unable to make an explanation identical, but natural law completely assumed by justice , morality , free connotation still is to be a true disciple of.
key words: Natural law； Rationality ； Justice




目 錄
摘 要……………………………………………………………Ⅱ
Abstract…………………………………………………………Ⅲ
引 言……………………………………………………………1
一、自然理性的萌芽-自然法的興起……………………………2
（一）古希臘的自然法—從神到人的轉(zhuǎn)變…………………………2
（二）城邦政治時(shí)期的自然法………………………………………2
1.自然法的興起…………………………………………………………2
2.自然法在城邦政治時(shí)期的發(fā)展………………………………………2
（三）古代自然法的巔峰與衰落……………………………………3
二、神學(xué)的外衣-經(jīng)院的神學(xué)自然法……………………………5
三、啟蒙時(shí)代的覺(jué)醒-古典自然法………………………………7
（一）理性主義的建立………………………………………………7
1.古典自然法產(chǎn)生的歷史背景…………………………………………7
2.理性主義對(duì)自然法的影響……………………………………………7
（二）以理性為核心的法律體系結(jié)構(gòu)………………………………8
四、自然法學(xué)的復(fù)蘇-新自然法學(xué)………………………………10
五、自然法何以長(zhǎng)盛不衰………………………………………11
（一）古希臘、羅馬以來(lái)的民主和法治傳統(tǒng)具有連續(xù)性………11
（二）自然法所表現(xiàn)的正義、理想和道德的追求具有連續(xù)性…11
（三）自然法蘊(yùn)涵豐富的理性精神,使之具有連續(xù)性……………12
結(jié)語(yǔ)………………………………………………………………13
參考文獻(xiàn) …………………………………………………………14
致 謝………………………………………………………………15


參考文獻(xiàn)
12]張文顯.20世紀(jì)西方法哲學(xué)思潮研究[M].北京:法律出版社,1992.
[13]成靖.自然法-從上帝的意志到理性的命令[J].南昌高專(zhuān)學(xué)報(bào),2003,50(3).
[14]馬克思恩格斯選集[Z].北京:人民出版社,1972.
[15]Ovin Gierke.Natural Lawand the Theory of Society[M].Minnesota:West Publishing Company,1973.
[16]亞里士多德.政治學(xué)[M].顏一,秦典華譯..北京:中國(guó)人民大學(xué)出版社,1965.
[17]呂世倫,張學(xué)超.西方自然法的幾個(gè)基本問(wèn)題[J].法學(xué)研究