中小型企業(yè)軟件質(zhì)量保證實(shí)施研究
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摘 要
軟件過程改善是各個(gè)企業(yè)建立適合自身軟件生產(chǎn)線和促進(jìn)軟件工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)的必由之路，軟件過程理論和技術(shù)的研究與應(yīng)用始終存在一定的差距，在國內(nèi)外成功應(yīng)用并受益于這些軟件經(jīng)驗(yàn)與技術(shù)的企業(yè)多數(shù)是國防企業(yè)和大型的商業(yè)企業(yè)，中小型企業(yè)具有不同于大型企業(yè)的企業(yè)特征，這些特征有些有利于軟件工程技術(shù)的應(yīng)用與實(shí)施，而有些又限制了軟件工程技術(shù)的應(yīng)用與實(shí)施。軟件過程改善的關(guān)鍵是量體裁衣，以理論和模型為指導(dǎo)，充分結(jié)合企業(yè)特征，進(jìn)行適合企業(yè)特色的軟件過程改善。
該文在分析中小型軟件企業(yè)的企業(yè)文化、企業(yè)規(guī)模、軟件生產(chǎn)的創(chuàng)新能力、動態(tài)變化能力、技術(shù)革新能力等特征的基礎(chǔ)上，提出在對中小型軟件企業(yè)進(jìn)行過程改善時(shí)應(yīng)突出幾個(gè)方面，一是過程改善應(yīng)充分利用開發(fā)組的豐富創(chuàng)造能力為解決過程改善問題提出方案，在確立過程改善目標(biāo)時(shí)應(yīng)盡可能多地涉及各種層次的項(xiàng)目組人員，同時(shí)采取劃分過程改善任務(wù)單元的方法，不破壞軟件開發(fā)過程的連續(xù)性；二是過程改善是應(yīng)著重企業(yè)關(guān)心的目標(biāo)，不一定完全依從CMM在進(jìn)行過程改善時(shí)，應(yīng)實(shí)施“項(xiàng)目分析”關(guān)鍵子域，“項(xiàng)目分析”是以過程度量為核心的，分析已完成項(xiàng)目的過程行為信息，總結(jié)過程經(jīng)驗(yàn)。實(shí)踐例子是我在廣州賽意科技有限公司所在使用的軟件質(zhì)量保證監(jiān)控要素以及其拓展要素。

關(guān)鍵詞：軟件過程，軟件質(zhì)量，過程改進(jìn)

Software quality assurance implementation for medium and small
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Abstract
Software process improvement is the pathway for a corporation to create its software production lines and for a county to accelerate the industrialized software production. But there are gaps between theories and applications of software process and engineering. Only some large corporations and some national defense enterprises get benefit from the new software theories and practices. The medium and small corporations have so many different characters from the large ones that they must get more efficiency to use their limited resource to improve the software process.
This article centralizes the solution about the software process improvement technology and practice for small and medium corporations. Based an the marked characters of these corporations Inherited enterprise culture, Size & Scope, Creativity, Dynamic changeable ability, the article stresses three point about the improvement strategy. The first one is that the Software process improvement tasks are divided to keep the project development process and Software process improvement parallel and to get more personnel involved in the Software process improvement activities. The second one is that there must be clear objectives to improve process and the objectives must be evaluated in the evolving process. And the objectives do not always comply with CMM. Also, the “completed project analysis” is the very important practice for small and medium corporations and must be executed in the evolving process. At last, an example illustrates the software process improvement strategy. The example is software quality assurance points and widening points about SIE Consulting Co., Ltd.

Keywords: software process, software quality, process improvement

目錄
1 引言 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 國外軟件質(zhì)量保證已有成果 2
1.3 論文研究成果 3
1.4 論文組織結(jié)構(gòu) 4
2 中小企業(yè)的質(zhì)量保證實(shí)施研究 5
2.1 PDCA原則指導(dǎo)持續(xù)過程改進(jìn) 5
2.2 面向國內(nèi)中小軟件企業(yè)的軟件度量框架 5
2.2.1 過程層 6
2.2.2 度量層 6
2.2.3 評價(jià)/決策層 7
2.2.4 實(shí)施層 8
2.3 面向國內(nèi)中小軟件企業(yè)的全面質(zhì)量保證框架 9
2.3.1 實(shí)行工程化開發(fā) 9
2.3.2 實(shí)行階段性凍結(jié)與改動控制 10
2.3.3 實(shí)行里程碑式的審查與版本控制 10
2.3.4 實(shí)行面向用戶參與的原型演化 10
2.3.5 盡量采用面向?qū)ο蠛突跇?gòu)件的方法 10
2.3.6 全面測試 11
2.3.7 引入外部監(jiān)理與審計(jì) 11
3 實(shí)踐部分 12
3.1 企業(yè)背景介紹 12
3.2 企業(yè)特色軟件開發(fā)項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量監(jiān)控體系 13
3.2.1 部門級監(jiān)控要素 14
3.2.2 計(jì)劃與執(zhí)行監(jiān)控要素 15
3.2.3 配置管理監(jiān)控要素 16
3.2.4 項(xiàng)目過程管理監(jiān)控要素 16
3.2.5 知識積累監(jiān)控要素 19
3.3 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要素的拓展 19
結(jié)論 21
致謝 22
參考文獻(xiàn) 23


參考文獻(xiàn)
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