列車自動報站系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
2.1萬字 54頁
包括完整原理圖及程序設(shè)計


摘 要
人們在乘坐火車旅行過程中，為了防止坐過站，十分關(guān)心列車的前方到站情況。尤其是夜間行車時，列車播音室停止播音，有的旅客直接向列車員詢問到站情況，列車到站時列車員才報站名等情況，給旅客出行帶來諸多不便。為使旅客能及時了解列車目前的行駛情況及前方到站的到開時間等信息，本論文設(shè)計了一種自動報站多媒體系統(tǒng)，它能全天候自動通報站名、顯示列車運行情況，不報站時可播放錄像，歌曲及廣告等多媒體信息。在列車將要到達車站前以聲圖并茂的方式自動介紹各個站點的著名旅游景點、交通和住宿情況，為旅客創(chuàng)造了愉快、豐富多彩的旅行生活，改善了乘車環(huán)境，提高了旅客列車的服務(wù)質(zhì)量和水平，也將為鐵路運輸帶來更好的經(jīng)濟效益。
本論文在分析我國旅客列車報站信息實際需求的基礎(chǔ)上，比較國內(nèi)外的現(xiàn)狀，依托當(dāng)前電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展，提出了一種旅客列車自動報站多媒體系統(tǒng)的實施方案。通過方案論證，確定了以下設(shè)計內(nèi)容：
該系統(tǒng)整體是主從分布式系統(tǒng)。下位機由AT89C51單片機系統(tǒng)組成，霍爾傳感器檢測列車行駛里程，單片機進行脈沖計數(shù)處理后，通過RS—232串行通信接口發(fā)送到上位機。上位機為PC機，負責(zé)列車行駛信息的顯示及到站音視頻信息的自動播放，通過訪問車次信息數(shù)據(jù)庫，完成多媒體自動報站任務(wù)。通過對系統(tǒng)裝置的調(diào)試表明，本論文研制的旅客列車自動報站多媒體系統(tǒng)能夠滿足旅客在乘車過程中對列車行駛信息的需求，具有良好的實用價值和應(yīng)用前景。




關(guān)鍵詞：單片機；位置傳感器；速度傳感器；數(shù)據(jù)庫





Abstract
People in the course of taking train travel, in order to prevent missing the station, care the front destination situation of train very much. Especially at night, the train goes off the air. Some of the passengers inquire train attendant the situation of the destination directly, or the train attendant just offers the name of station when the train gets to the station. These things bring a great deal of inconvenience to passengers. In order to enable passengers to understand in time the present situation of train going and the reaching and leaving time of the front station, it has been designed in the thesis that a multimedia system of the train station reporting automatically. It can tell us the name of the front station, show the train running situation automatically from instant to instant. It can broadcast such information of the multimedia as video, the song and advertisement, etc. when there is not station reporting, and introduce famous scenic spot, traffic and accommodation situation of each station automatically in luxuriant way of video and audio before the train will reach the station. It creates happy, rich and colorful traveling life for passengers, improves the environment and improves the service quality and level of the train. It will bring better economic benefits to railway transportation, too.
On the basis of analyzing actual demand of the train station reporting in our country, comparing domestic and international current situation, relying on the development of present electronic technology, it has been proposed that the research scheme of the multimedia system of a kind of passenger train station reporting automatically. Through scheme demonstration, the content has been confirmed as following:
In general, it is a distributed system. The slave computer is made up of AT89C51 MCU system. Hall sensor measures the distance traveled of the train. The MCU carries on the pulse counts, and then sends the control signal to the master computer through the serial communication interface of RS232. The master computer is PC with windows operating system. It is responsible for display of train running information and broadcast video and audio automatically. It finishes multimedia station reporting automatically by accessing database.
Key words：MUC；position sensor；speed sensor；data base

目 錄
第1章 緒 論 1
1.1 列車報站系統(tǒng)的背景及意義 1
1.2 列車報站系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及展望 3
1.3 論文的主要內(nèi)容 5
第2章 列車報站系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方案 6
2.1 系統(tǒng)方案的確定 6
第3章 硬件電路設(shè)計 8
3.1 單片機系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 8
3.1.1 單片機的選擇 8
3.1.2 AT89C51內(nèi)部定時器/計數(shù)器 11
3.2 AT89C51單片機系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 12
3.2.1 時鐘及復(fù)位電路設(shè)計 12
3.2.2 電源電路的設(shè)計 13
3.3 里程信號采集電路的設(shè)計 14
3.3.1 傳感器的概述 14
3.3.2 速度傳感器的選擇及電路設(shè)計 14
3.3.3 位置傳感器的選擇及電路設(shè)計 19
3.4 語音電路的設(shè)計 20
3.4.1 語音芯片電路的選擇及設(shè)計 20
3.5 顯示電路的設(shè)計 24
3.5.1 液晶顯示概述 24
3.5.2 液晶顯示器的選擇及電路設(shè)計 25
3.6 通信接口電路的設(shè)計 27
第4章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 30
4.1 單片機系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 30
4.2 列車行駛里程的檢測程序設(shè)計 32
4.3 AT89C51的串行通信程序設(shè)計 32
4.4 顯示系統(tǒng)程序設(shè)計 34
4.5 語音播報系統(tǒng)程序設(shè)計 35
第5章 結(jié)論 36
參考文獻 37
致 謝 39
附 錄Ⅰ 40
附 錄Ⅱ 49


參考文獻
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附 錄Ⅰ硬件原理圖
附 錄Ⅱ程序
一．顯示程序
#include"stdio.h" //stdio.h存放標準輸入輸出庫函數(shù)用到的一些基本信息，在程序中可以使用輸入輸出函數(shù)
#include"absacc.h" //absacc.h可以利用三字節(jié)通過指針作為抽象指針，為個存儲空間提供絕對地址存取技術(shù)
#include"reg52.h" //reg52.h
#include"intrins.h"
#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned int
......