摘  要：本課題制備了磺酸型水性聚氨酯（WPU）分散液并對(duì)其性能進(jìn)行了研究。采用預(yù)聚體法，以聚醚多元醇、甲苯二異氰酸酯（TDI）為原料，以二羥甲基丙酸（DMPA）和乙二氨基乙磺酸鈉（AAS）為親水?dāng)U鏈劑，成功制備出磺酸型水性聚氨酯分散液。另外用含氟嵌段共聚物對(duì)聚氨酯進(jìn)行改性。研究表明：磺酸基團(tuán)的引入可獲得高固含量（40%）的分散液。AAS/DMPA比值增大，膜的斷裂伸長(zhǎng)率、耐水性提高，拉伸強(qiáng)度減小。NCO/H比值增大，膜的拉伸強(qiáng)度、耐水性提高，斷裂伸長(zhǎng)率減小。聚酯型聚氨酯膜耐水性比聚醚型的差，但拉伸強(qiáng)度更高。含氟嵌段共聚物的加入能提高聚氨酯膜的接觸角。含氟嵌段共聚物含量增加，膜的拉伸強(qiáng)度、斷裂伸長(zhǎng)率和耐水性都降低。

關(guān)鍵詞：磺酸型；水性聚氨酯；含氟嵌段共聚物；分散液性能；膜性能

Study on Preparation and Properties of Sulfonated Waterborne Polyurethane

Abstract: In this paper，sulfonated waterborne polyurethane(WPU) dispersions were prepared and their properties were studied．Sulfonated waterborne polyurethane dispersions were successfully prepared by prepolymerization process with polyether polyol、toluene diisocyanate(TDI) as raw materials and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA)、aliphatic diamine sulphonate (AAS) as hydrophilic chain extenders．In addition，the polyurethane was modified by fluorinated block copolymer．Results showed that high solid content(40%) sulfonated waterborne polyurethane dispersions could be got by introducing the sulfonic acid group into WPU．With the increase of the AAS/DMPA value，the elongation at break and water resisting property of polyurethane film increased，the tensile strength of the film decreased．With the increase of the NCO/H value，the tensile strength and water resisting property of the film increased，the elongation at break of the film decreased．Water resisting property of polyester-type waterborne polyurethane film was worse than polyether-type waterborne polyurethane film，but its tensile strength was higher．Adding fluorinated block copolymer into WPU could increase the contact angle of polyurethane film．With the increase of fluorinated block copolymer content，the tensile strength、the elongation at break and water resisting property of the film all decreased．

Keywords: sulfonate-base；waterborne polyurethane；fluorinated block copolymer；dispersion properties；film properties

目 錄

摘  要 Ⅰ

目  錄 Ⅲ

術(shù) 語(yǔ) 表 Ⅴ

1. 引言 1

1.1. 概述 1

1.2. 應(yīng)用 1

1.3. 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 1

1.4. 課題研究意義和目標(biāo) 2

2. 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分 3

2.1. 實(shí)驗(yàn)原料及實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器 3

2.2. 實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟 4

2.2.1. 水性聚氨酯的制備 4

2.2.2. 含氟水性聚氨酯的制備 4

2.3. 性能測(cè)定與表征 4

2.3.1 分散液性能的測(cè)試與表征 4

2.3.1.1. 固含量的測(cè)定 4

2.3.1.2. 粘度的測(cè)定 5

2.3.1.3. 粒徑的測(cè)定 5

2.3.1.4. 分子量及其分布的測(cè)定 5

2.3.2. 膜性能的測(cè)定與表征 5

2.3.2.1. 接觸角的測(cè)定 5

2.3.2.2. 膜的制備 5

2.3.2.3. 耐水性的測(cè)定 5

2.3.2.4. 耐溶劑性的測(cè)定 6

2.3.2.5. 硬度的測(cè)定 6

2.3.2.6. 力學(xué)性能的測(cè)試 6

3. 結(jié)果與討論 7

3.1. 磺酸型水性聚氨酯分散液的制備 7

3.2. 水性聚氨酯的性能 7

3.2.1. 水性聚氨酯分散液的固含量 8

3.2.2. 水性聚氨酯分散液的粘度 9

3.2.2.1. AAS/DMPA摩爾比對(duì)水性聚氨酯分散液粘度的影響 9

3.2.2.2. NCO/H摩爾比對(duì)水性聚氨酯分散液粘度的影響 9

3.2.3. 水性聚氨酯分散液的粒徑 10

3.2.4. 水性聚氨酯分散液的分子量及其分布 11

3.2.5. 聚氨酯膜的耐水性 11

3.2.5.1. AAS/DMPA摩爾比對(duì)聚氨酯膜的耐水性的影響 11

3.2.5.2. NCO/H摩爾比對(duì)聚氨酯膜的耐水性的影響 12

3.2.5.3. 多元醇的種類(lèi)對(duì)聚氨酯膜的耐水性的影響 13

3.2.6. 聚氨酯膜的耐溶劑性 13

3.2.7. 聚氨酯膜的硬度 14

3.2.7.1. AAS/DMPA摩爾比對(duì)聚氨酯膜硬度的影響 14

3.2.7.2. NCO/H摩爾比對(duì)聚氨酯膜硬度的影響 14

3.2.8. 聚氨酯膜的力學(xué)性能 15

3.2.8.1. AAS/DMPA摩爾比對(duì)聚氨酯膜力學(xué)性能的影響 15

3.2.8.2. NCO/H摩爾比對(duì)聚氨酯膜力學(xué)性能的影響 16

3.2.8.3. 多元醇的種類(lèi)對(duì)聚氨酯膜力學(xué)性能的影響 17

3.3. 含氟水性聚氨酯的性能 17

3.3.1. 含氟嵌段共聚物含量對(duì)水性聚氨酯分散液粘度的影響 17

3.3.2. 含氟水性聚氨酯膜的接觸角 18

3.3.2.1. 含氟嵌段共聚物的含量對(duì)聚氨酯膜接觸角的影響 18

3.3.2.2. 含氟嵌段共聚物結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)聚氨酯膜接觸角的影響 20

3.3.3. 含氟嵌段共聚物含量對(duì)聚氨酯膜耐水性的影響 20

3.3.4. 含氟嵌段共聚物含量對(duì)聚氨酯膜耐溶劑性的影響 21

3.3.5. 含氟嵌段共聚物含量對(duì)聚氨酯膜硬度的影響 21

3.3.6. 含氟嵌段共聚物含量對(duì)聚氨酯膜力學(xué)性能的影響 22

4. 結(jié)論 24

參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 25

致 謝 26