I. Introduction
I．緒論

Prior studies have used the official classification scheme, which classified owners into state, legal, employee, A-share, B-share, and H-share identities. However, they failed to find consistent results on ownership identity and firm performance because they used the official classification scheme in which the different types of owners are classified into the same category.
先前的研究利用的是官方分類方法，它將所有者分為國有、法人、雇員、A股、B股和H股。然而，關于股權身份與公司績效，這些研究未能得出一致結論，因為它們利用的官方分類方法將不同類型的所有者都劃分到了同一范疇。