In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of world trade and economic activity. As a result of this trade and activity, international finance and banking have evolved.
For example, the United States is a major consumer of coffee, yet it does not have the climate to grow any or its own. Consequently, the United States must import coffee from countries (such as Brazil, Colombia and Guatemala) that grow coffee efficiently. On the other hand, the United States has large industrial plants capable of producing a variety of goods, such as chemicals and airplanes, which can be sold to nations that need them. If nations traded item for item, such as one automobile for 10,000 bags of coffee, foreign trade would be extremely cumbersome and restrictive. So instead of batter, which is trade of goods without an exchange of money, the United State receives money in payment for what it sells. It pays for Brazilian coffee with dollars, which Brazil can then use to buy wool from Australia, which in turn can buy textiles Great Britain, which can then buy tobacco from the United State.
Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above is that no nation has all of the commodities that it needs. Raw materials are scattered


在當(dāng)今復(fù)雜的經(jīng)濟(jì)世界個人和國家都不是自給自足。 國家有利用不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)資源，人們開發(fā)了不同的技能。 這是世界貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)活動的基礎(chǔ)。 此貿(mào)易和活動中，導(dǎo)致的國際金融和銀行已經(jīng)演化。
例如，美國是主要使用者的咖啡，但它并沒有增加任何氣候或自己。 因此，美國必須引進(jìn)高效種植咖啡的國家 (如巴西、 哥倫比亞、 危地馬拉) 咖啡。 在另一方面，美國有大型工廠能生產(chǎn)多種化工和，可以出售給需要它們的國家的飛機(jī)等的貨物。 如果國家交易如為 10000 袋咖啡，一個汽車的項的項外貿(mào)會非常麻煩和制約。 如此的即無錢交換的商品貿(mào)易的口味而不是美國用于它的銷售支付收到錢。 它為巴西咖啡，巴西可以隨后使用。反過來可以買紡織品，然后可以買到從美國來的煙草，買澳大利亞的羊毛用美元支付。
外貿(mào)，各國之間的商品交換，原因是很多地方都需要很多不同的商品。首先，沒有一個國家的商品能滿足國家本身的所有需要，各種原料分散在世界各地，大型銅礦分布在秘魯和扎伊爾，南非生產(chǎn)鉆石，中東石油資源豐富，自己國界內(nèi)部不能生產(chǎn)的資源，必須向生產(chǎn)這些資源的國家購買。
對外貿(mào)易的發(fā)生是因為每個國家沒有足夠的能力生產(chǎn)所有滿足本國需要的產(chǎn)品，雖然美國是主