本文綜述了測(cè)繪學(xué)科的最新進(jìn)展，給出了傳統(tǒng)測(cè)繪學(xué)的概念和特征，主要論述了測(cè)繪學(xué)科新技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，對(duì)全球定位系統(tǒng)、衛(wèi)星重力測(cè)量、遙感、地理信息系統(tǒng)、寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)和虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)這幾項(xiàng)新技術(shù)分別給出其定義、學(xué)科特征和最新進(jìn)展動(dòng)態(tài)。文中最后給出了測(cè)繪學(xué)的現(xiàn)代概念，闡述了測(cè)繪學(xué)科正在向地球空間信息科學(xué)跨越和融合。
關(guān)鍵詞：測(cè)繪學(xué)；全球定位系統(tǒng)；衛(wèi)星重力；地理信息系統(tǒng)；遙感；地球空間信息學(xué)



















1 礦山測(cè)量學(xué)的興起和發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)況
礦山測(cè)量學(xué)科的發(fā)展是與社會(huì)的需求和科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展、進(jìn)步密切相關(guān)的，并且顯示出不同的時(shí)代特點(diǎn)和內(nèi)涵。盡管礦山測(cè)量工作幾百年前、甚至上千年前就已存在，但作為一門(mén)獨(dú)立的學(xué)科出現(xiàn)則是近一百多年的事。礦山測(cè)量作為一門(mén)獨(dú)立的學(xué)科是始于德國(guó)、前蘇聯(lián)和東歐等國(guó)的。在德文中，“礦山測(cè)量術(shù)”一詞為Markscheidekunst，它的原意是地界(Mark)劃分(Scheide)術(shù)(Kunst)。傳入俄國(guó)后，雖然有些學(xué)者曾建議改稱(chēng)為“礦山兒何學(xué)”，但由于礦山測(cè)量一詞已叫習(xí)慣，很難更改。礦山測(cè)量的俄文是MapKme訪JmpckoBo。在德國(guó)、俄國(guó)(包括獨(dú)聯(lián)體的國(guó)家)和東歐一些國(guó)家，礦山測(cè)量科技一直很受重視，發(fā)展較快例如：在德國(guó)的克勞斯托(Clausthal)技術(shù)大學(xué)，俄羅斯的莫斯科礦業(yè)大學(xué)、新西伯利亞大學(xué)，烏克蘭的頓湟茨克工業(yè)大學(xué)，波蘭的AGH科技大學(xué)(原克拉科大礦冶大學(xué))，捷克的俄斯特拉發(fā)(Ostrava)技術(shù)大學(xué)，匈牙利的米什科爾茨(Miskolc)大學(xué)等都設(shè)立有礦山測(cè)量或工程測(cè)量(大地測(cè)量)與礦山測(cè)量學(xué)院(系)，可授予礦山測(cè)量學(xué)的學(xué)士、碩士和博士學(xué)位。在西歐、澳洲和印度等國(guó)家，礦山測(cè)量科學(xué)技術(shù)及其人才培養(yǎng)也一直比較受重視。例如：在英國(guó)的多所綜合性(polytechnica!)大學(xué)或?qū)W校中設(shè)有礦山測(cè)量專(zhuān)業(yè)，皇家學(xué)會(huì)礦山測(cè)量師(Mining Surveyor或

Abstract
This paper reviews the latest progress of surveying and mapping disciplines, given the traditional concept and characteristics of Surveying and Mapping, surveying and mapping the main subjects discussed current development of new technologies, global positioning systems, satellite gravity measurements, remote sensing, geographic information systems, broadband networks and virtual reality that few are given the definition of new technologies, latest features and dynamic discipline. Finally, by using the modern concept of surveying and mapping science, surveying and mapping discipline is explained to the geo-spatial information science and the mixture.
Key words: Surveying and Mapping; global positioning system; satellite gravity; geographic information systems; remote sensing; Geomatics














1 Mine Surveying the rise and development profiles
Mine Surveying the development of discipline and social needs and scientific and technological development, closely related to progress, and show different characteristics of the times and content. Although the mine surveying hundreds of years ago, or even thousands of years ago there, but as an independent discipline there is something almost 100 years. Mine Surveying, as an independent discipline that began in Germany, the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and other countries. In German, the "Mine Surveying Techniques" word for the Markscheidekunst, it is intended boundaries (Mark) division (Scheide) surgery (Kunst). After the introduction of Russia, although some scholars have suggested a change as "what children learn mine," but the term has been named as mine used to measure, it is difficult to change. Mine Surveying the Russian is MapKme visit JmpckoBo. In Germany, Russia (including the Commonwealth of Independent States) and Eastern European countries,