How to plan and produce simple but efficient cams for petrol engines and other mechanisms
Cams are among the most versatile mechanisms available．A cam is a simple two-member device．The input member is the cam itself，while the output member is called the follower．Through the use of cams，a simple input motion can be modified into almost any conceivable output motion that is desired．Some of the common applications of cams are
——Camshaft and distributor shaft of automotive engine
——Production machine tools
——Automatic record players
——Printing machines
——Automatic washing machines
——Automatic dishwashers
The contour of high-speed cams (cam speed in excess of 1000 rpm) must be determined mathematically．However，the vast majority of cams operate at low speeds(less than 500 rpm) or medium-speed cams can be determined graphically using a large-scale layout．In general，the greater the cam speed and output load，the greater must be the precision with which the cam contour is machined．
Cams in some form or other are essential to the operation of many kinds of mechanical devices. Their best-known application is in the valve-operating gear of internal combustion engines, but they play an equally important part in industrial machinery, from printing presses to reaping machines.
In general, a cam can be defined as a projection on the face of a disc or the surface of a cylinder for the purpose of producing intermittent reciprocating motion of a contacting member or follower. Most cams operate by rotary motion, but this is not an essential condition and in special cases the motion may be semi-rotary， oscillatory or swinging. Even straight-line motion of the operating member is possible, though the term cam may not be considered properly applicable in such circumstances.
Most text books on mechanics give some information on the design of cams and show examples of cam forms plotted to produce various orders of motion. Where neither the operating speed nor the mechanical duty is very high, there is a good deal of latitude in the nermissible design of the cam and it is only necessary to avoid excessively steep contours or abrupt changes which would result in noise, impact shock, and side pressure on the follower. But, with increase of either speed or load, much more exacting demands are made on the cam, calling for the most careful design and, at very high speed, the effect of inertia on the moving parts is most pronounced, so that the further factors of acceleration and rate of lift have to be taken into account and these are rarely dealt with in any detail in the standard text books.
如何為汽油發(fā)動機(jī)和其他機(jī)械設(shè)計和生產(chǎn)簡單而有效的凸輪
凸輪是被應(yīng)用的最廣泛的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)之一。凸輪是一種僅僅有兩個組件構(gòu)成的設(shè)備。主動件本身就是凸輪，而輸出件被稱為從動件。通過使用凸輪，一個簡單的輸入動作可以被修改成幾乎可以想像得到的任何輸出運(yùn)動。常見的一些關(guān)于凸輪應(yīng)用的例子有：
——凸輪軸和汽車發(fā)動機(jī)工程的裝配
——專用機(jī)床
——自動電唱機(jī)
——印刷機(jī)
——自動的洗衣機(jī)
——自動的洗碗機(jī)
高速凸輪(凸輪超過1000 rpm的速度)的輪廓必須從數(shù)學(xué)意義上來定義。無論如何，大多數(shù)凸輪以低速(少于500 rpm)運(yùn)行而中速的凸輪可以通過一個大比例的圖形表示出來。一般說來，凸輪的速度和輸出負(fù)載越大，凸輪的輪廓在被床上被加工時就一定要更加精密。