CONTENT
Abstract 1
1.Introduction 2
2.The Symbolism 4
2.1 The Definition of Symbolism 4
2.2  Major Symbols in The Old Man and the Sea 5
2.2.1 The Old Man— the Best Expression to “the unyielding character” 5
2.2.2  The Boy— the Best Supplement for the Unyielding Man Character 7
2.2.3  The Sea — the Symbol of Hemingway’s Survival Environment. 8
2.2.4  The Shark —A Powerful Deputy of the Evil Force 10
2.2.5  The Marlin—the Symbol of Achievement 12
3  Hemingway’s Philosophy of Life Reflected by the symbols in The Old Man and the Sea 13
3.1 Hemingway’s Attitude towards the Society Reflected through the Symbol of the Sea 13
3.2  Hemingway’s Attitude towards the Enemy Reflected through the Symbol of Shark- 14
3.3  Hemingway’s Attitude towards the Achievements Reflected through the symbol of Marlin 14
4.Conclusion 15
Bibliography 17
 
Abstract
The Old Man and the Sea, praised by a famous writer as “the most excellent simple article in this generation”, is a masterpiece of the unyielding man—Hemingway. But with regard to the symbolism, it has been talked differently, and was equivocal in the explanation by Hemingway himself. The Protagonist, the living environment, the sea, the Shark, the Marlin are not themselves but have significant symbolical meaning. Here the author will analyze its symbolism thoroughly through some aspects such as the leading character，the living environment and Hemingway’s philosophy of life reflected by the symbols, with a view to help the reader get a better understanding of Ernest Hemingway's masterpiece．
 Key Words：Ernest Hemingway ;the symbolic factors; iceberg theory; the living environment; philosophy of life
摘　要
    被威謙、?？思{譽(yù)為“這代人最優(yōu)秀的一個單篇”的《老人與?！肥怯矟h子海明威的力作，而對于《老人與?！返南笳髦髁x，評論界各執(zhí)已見，海明威本人的解釋也模棱兩可。而小說中主人翁桑提亞哥和生存環(huán)境、大海、鯊魚、小孩等角色實(shí)際上并非角色本身，表面上簡單的角色及故事情節(jié)有著深刻的象征意義，所以筆者希望從文章的主人公、其生存環(huán)境等各個方面對其象征主義進(jìn)行剖析、總結(jié)和歸納《老人與海》的象征手法以及海明威的人生觀在各象征因素中的體現(xiàn),以期能幫助讀者更好地理解這部作品。
關(guān)鍵詞
海明威；象征因素；冰山原理；生存環(huán)境；人生觀