摘 要
在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)控制領域中，電動機作為重要的動力裝置，其起動過程至關重要。傳統(tǒng)起動方式對電動機及相關設施有很大損害，對電網(wǎng)、電機、生產機械等的沖擊，減短了相關器械的使用壽命。軟起動作為新的起動方式避免了以上現(xiàn)象，因此設計高質量的軟起動器對電機有著重要意義。
文中首先介紹了電機的起動模型、起動方式及工作原理，其次，設計了電機的軟起動控制系統(tǒng)，本文以S7-200為控制核心，對三組串聯(lián)的正反并聯(lián)晶閘管進行控制，設計了電機的電壓/電流檢測電路，同步電壓/相序檢測電路，并采用間接光觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)對高位晶閘管進行觸發(fā)，通過按鍵設定電機的起動、停止及參數(shù)修改。軟件方面，介紹了西門子的開發(fā)環(huán)境，并對主程序和各起動子程序進行了設計，很好的實現(xiàn)了電機的軟起動。

關鍵詞： PLC可編程控制器; 電動機; 軟起動; 晶閘管

Abstract
In modern industrial control field, the electric motor as an important power plant, the starting process is essential. Traditional way of starting the motor and associated facilities, great damage to the power grid, electrical, machinery and other impact and shorten the life of the related equipment. Soft start as a new way to avoid starting over, therefore the design of high-quality soft starter motor is of great significance.
This paper first describes the model of the motor starting, Starting and operating principle, and secondly, the design of the soft start motor control system, this paper S7-200 for the control of the core, the pros and cons of the three series of parallel thyristor control, design the motor voltage / current detection circuit, synchronous voltage / phase sequence detection circuit, and the indirect light of the high thyristor trigger system to trigger by setting the motor start button, stop and parameter changes. Software, Siemens introduced the development environment, and the main program and the start routine has been designed to achieve a good motor soft start.

Keyword: The programmable preface controller(PLC) Motor Soft-starting thyristor


目　錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II

第1章 緒論 1
1.1研究本課題的目的及意義 1
1.2國內外研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.1國內發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.2國外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 3
1.3本文的主要工作 3
第2章 高壓電機的起動方式及啟動過程分析 5
2.1異步電動機的起動過程分析 5
2.2 常用電動機的起動方式 8
2.2.1 直接起動 8
2.2.2 定子串電抗器起動 8
2.2.3 星-三角起動 9
2.2.4 自耦變壓器起動 9
2.2.5 頻敏變阻器起動 9
2.3 軟起動原理 9
2.4 軟起動方法和運行方式 10
2.4.1各種軟起動方法 10
2.4.2軟起動器運行特點 11
2.5晶閘管軟起動基本原理 11
第3章 軟啟動裝置的主體設計 14
3.1 系統(tǒng)主體框圖的設計 14
3.2 主控單元選擇 14
3.3 晶閘管觸發(fā)系統(tǒng) 19
3.3.1觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)說明 19
3.3.2直接光觸發(fā)系統(tǒng) 20
3.3.3間接光觸發(fā)系統(tǒng) 20
3.3.4該軟起動器的觸發(fā)系統(tǒng) 21
3.4晶閘管串聯(lián)的均壓問題 22
3.5電流檢測電路的設計 24
3.6電壓檢測電路的設計 26
3.6.1電機電壓檢測電路 26
3.6.2同步/相序電路設計 27
3.7觸發(fā)電路設計 28
3.7.1 晶閘管觸發(fā)電路 28
3.7.2 基于CPLD的觸發(fā)電路設計 29
3.7.3 觸發(fā)光電隔離電路設計 31
第4章 電子軟起動器系統(tǒng)軟件設計 33
4.1 西門子STEP7/WIN開發(fā)環(huán)境 33
4.2 STEP7-MIRCO/WIN主要編程功能 34
4.3 控制軟件的流程圖 34
4.3.1主程序流程 35
4.3.2起動過程中各子程序流程圖 36

結　論 38
致 謝 39
參考文獻 40

CONTENTS
ABSTRACT(Chinese) I
ABSTRACT II

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 The Purpose and Significance of This Project 1
1.2 Domestic and Overseas Development 2
1.2.1 Development of Domestic 2
1.2.1 Overseas Development Statue 3
1.3 The Content and Structure of This Article 3
CHAPTER 2 THE BASIC THEORY OF HIGH-VOLTAGE MOTOR 4
2.1 Analysis of Induction Motor Starting 4
2.2 Lumped Power Divider Design 7
2.2.1 Direct Start 7
2.2.2 The Stator String Reacter Start 8
2.2.3 Star - Delta Starter 8
2.2.4 Autotransformer Starter 8
2.2.5 Frequency Sencetive Rheostat 9
2.3 Principles of Soft - Start 9
2.4 Soft-Start Methods and Operation Mode 10
2.4.1 Various Soft-Start Methods 10
2.4.2 Soft Starter Operation Characteristics 11
2.5 The Thyristor Sof-Start Basic Principle 11
CHAPTER 3 THE MAIN BODY OF SOFT START-UP DEVICE DESIGN 14
3.1 The System of the Diagram Design Theme 14
3.2 Select the Main Control Unit 14
3.3 Thyristor Trigger 19
3.3.1 Trigger System Description 19
3.3.2 Direct Light Triggering System 20
3.3.3 Indirect Light Triggering System 20
3.3.4 The Trigger Systemof the Soft Starter 21
3.4 Pressure Problems in Seriec Thyristor 22
3.5 Current Detection Circuit Design 24
3.6 Voitage Detection Circuit Design 26
3.6.1 Motor Voltage Detection Circuit 26
3.6.2 Synchronization/Phase Sequence Circuit Design 27
3.7 Trigger Circuit 28
3.7.1 Thyistor Trigger Circuit 28
3.7.2 Trigger Circuit Design Based On CPLD 29
3.7.3 Optically Isolated Trigger Circuit 31
CHAPTER 4 ELECTRONIC S-STARTER SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESIGN 33
4.1 Siemens Step7/Win Development Environment 33
4.2 Step7-Mirco/Win Major Programming 34
4.3 Control Software F..