畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 6刀自動(dòng)刀架系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

摘  要

數(shù)控車床將向中高檔發(fā)展，對數(shù)控刀架需求量將大大增加。隨著數(shù)控車床的發(fā)展，數(shù)控刀架也向快速換刀、電液組合驅(qū)動(dòng)和伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)方向發(fā)展。
本課題主要對六刀位自動(dòng)刀架的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)和控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。通過對多種方案的分析確定出了免抬式自動(dòng)刀架的設(shè)計(jì)方案。按照設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范對結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了分析與設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。同時(shí)用ProE對機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)部分進(jìn)行三維實(shí)體建模,驗(yàn)證結(jié)構(gòu)較合理。利用PLC、位置傳感器進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)軟、硬件設(shè)計(jì)，較好地實(shí)現(xiàn)了換刀控制要求。
本文所設(shè)計(jì)的免抬式6刀位自動(dòng)刀架，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，換刀快速，可成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的單元，既可用于普通機(jī)床以減少輔助換刀時(shí)間，又適用于經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控機(jī)床，改善刀架結(jié)構(gòu)。

關(guān)鍵詞  免抬式自動(dòng)刀架，傳感器，三維實(shí)體建模，PLC

ABSTRACT

Numerical Control lathe will be the middle and senior grade development in the future.It is estimated that the demand for NC tool carrier will be much greater. NC tool start to the rapid tool change, electro-hydraulic servo drive and portfolio-driven direction with the development of NC lathes.
The mechanical structure and the control system of six Automatic Tool lift are designed in this thesis. Analyzing many plans, It be gotten that the blue print of the Automatic Tool Lift. And then,The structure be analyzed and calculated. At the same time, the ProE is used for the 3D solid modeling of mechanical structure, which shows the structure of the tool lift is reasonable. That PLC and sensors is applicated in the design of the soft and hard components of the tool lift .It makes the control of tool change more efficient.
Automatic Tool Lift in this thesis, with its simple structure and rapid auxiliary tool change (ATC), will become an independent unit which can be used not only on general machine tools to reduce ATC time, but also on economic NC machine tools to improve the structure Tool.

Key words  Automatic Tool lift, Sensors ，3D Solid Modeling, PLC
 
 

目  錄

摘 要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ

1 緒論 1
  1.1 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 1
  1.2 總體設(shè)計(jì) 1
2 自動(dòng)刀架系統(tǒng)機(jī)械部分設(shè)計(jì) 2
  2.1 刀架結(jié)構(gòu)方案的確定 2
     2.1.1刀架體設(shè)計(jì) 2
     2.1.2 傳動(dòng)方案設(shè)計(jì) 2
     2.1.3 定位方案的確定 3
2.2 主要零件部件設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 3
     2.2.1 刀具受力計(jì)算 3
     2.2.2 刀架體設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 4
     2.2.3 端齒盤主要參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 5
     2.2.4 壓縮彈簧設(shè)計(jì) 9
     2.2.5 蝸桿蝸輪設(shè)計(jì) 11
2.2.6 螺桿、螺套設(shè)計(jì)及驗(yàn)算 14
  2.3 電機(jī)的選擇 16
  2.4 聯(lián)軸器結(jié)構(gòu)選擇 16
  2.5 潤滑與密封 16
3 自動(dòng)刀架控制部分設(shè)計(jì) 18
  3.1 控制系統(tǒng)分析 18
     3.1.1 控制方案設(shè)計(jì) 18
     3.1.2 PLC的分類 18
     3.1.3 PLC的特點(diǎn)及主要功能 19
     3.1.4 自動(dòng)換刀控制系統(tǒng)要求 21
  3.2 控制元件的選擇 21
     3.2.1 接近開關(guān)的類別 21
     3.2.2 接近開關(guān)的選擇 22
  3.3 PLC選型 23
      3.3.1 分析控制系統(tǒng)所需要的I/O接點(diǎn)數(shù) 23
      3.3.2 PLC外接電器元件選擇 23
  3.4 系統(tǒng)控制元件列表 24
  3.5 PLC的I/O地址的分配 25
  3.6 PLC外圍接線圖 25
4 控制系統(tǒng)PLC程序設(shè)計(jì) 27
4.1 系統(tǒng)流程圖的設(shè)計(jì) 27
4.2 PLC程序設(shè)計(jì) 27
   4.2.1 程序結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 27
   4.2.2 自動(dòng)換刀程序設(shè)計(jì) 28
   4.2.3 手動(dòng)換刀程序 31
   4.2.4 數(shù)據(jù)傳送程序的設(shè)計(jì) 33
4.3 程序的調(diào)試 34
結(jié) 論 35
參考文獻(xiàn) 36
致 謝 37