畢業(yè)論文 數(shù)控銑床的零件加工及夾具設(shè)計(jì)


                       
摘要：隨著社會(huì)生產(chǎn)和科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步，各類工業(yè)新產(chǎn)品層出不窮。機(jī)械制造產(chǎn)業(yè)作為國民工業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)，其產(chǎn)品更是日趨精密復(fù)雜特別是在宇航、航海、軍事等領(lǐng)域所需的機(jī)械零件，精度要求更高，形狀更為復(fù)雜且往往批量較小，加工這類產(chǎn)品需要經(jīng)常改裝或調(diào)整設(shè)備，普通機(jī)床或?qū)I(yè)程度高的自動(dòng)化機(jī)床顯然無法適應(yīng)這些要求。同時(shí)，隨著市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的日益加劇，企業(yè)生產(chǎn)也迫切需要進(jìn)一步提高其生產(chǎn)效率，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量及降低生產(chǎn)成本。在這種背景下，一種新型的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備——數(shù)控機(jī)床就應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了，它綜合應(yīng)用了電子計(jì)算機(jī)、自動(dòng)控制、伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)、精密測(cè)量及新型機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)等多方面的技術(shù)成果，形成了今后機(jī)械工業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)及機(jī)械制造工業(yè)的發(fā)展方向。隨著數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展與普及，現(xiàn)代化企業(yè)對(duì)于懂得數(shù)控加工技術(shù)、能進(jìn)行數(shù)控加工編程的技術(shù)人才的需求量必將不斷增加。數(shù)控車床是目前使用最廣泛的數(shù)控機(jī)床之。
在機(jī)械加工中，為完成需要的加工工序，裝配工序及檢驗(yàn)工序等，首先要將工件固定，使之占有確定的位置，這種保證一批工件占有確定位置的裝置，統(tǒng)稱夾具。為保證工件的加工質(zhì)量，提高加工效率，降低生產(chǎn)成本，改善勞動(dòng)條件，擴(kuò)大機(jī)床使用范圍，縮短新產(chǎn)品試制周期。專用夾具應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。
 本文對(duì)零件加工和夾具設(shè)計(jì)主要有以下幾點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：
1.根據(jù)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書中的要求和已知的條件對(duì)零件進(jìn)行分析。
2.對(duì)零件進(jìn)行手工繪圖
3.分析零件的加工部位，制定工藝路線，填寫工藝卡片和工序卡片。
4.對(duì)零件某道工序進(jìn)行夾具設(shè)計(jì)
5.選擇合適的機(jī)床，確定定位夾緊的方案
6.用AUTO CAD2007進(jìn)行裝配圖和零件圖的繪制。
關(guān)鍵詞：零件分析，手工繪圖，工藝制定，夾具設(shè)計(jì)，計(jì)算機(jī)輔助繪圖。
 
Abstract: along with the social production and the improvement of science and technology, all kinds of industrial new product emerge in endlessly. Mechanical manufacturing industry as the national industrial base, its product is increasingly sophisticated especially in space, navigation, military etc required mechanical parts, higher accuracy, shape is more complex and often batch is lesser, processing this kind of product need often modified or adjust the equipment, ordinary machine or professional degree high automation tool obviously can't adapt to these requirements. At the same time, along with the growing market competition, enterprise production also urgently need to further improve the production efficiency, improve product quality and reduce production costs. In this context, a new type of production equipment - CNC machine is made, it comprehensive application of electronic computers, automatic control, servo drive, precision measurement and new mechanical structure of various technical achievement, formed the basis of mechanical industry in the future and the mechanical manufacturing industry development direction. With the development and popularization of nc machine tools, modern enterprise to know nc machining technology, can the nc programming technology talent demand will continue to increase. Nc lathe is currently the most widely used of nc machine.
In mechanical processing, in order to perform required processing working procedure, assembly process and inspection process, first to the workpiece, which determine the fixed position of possession, this guarantee batch of workpiece position device, occupies determine collectively fixture. To ensure the process quality and improve workpiece machining efficiency, reduce production cost, improve working conditions, and expand machine tool use scope, shorten new product trial period. Special jig used more widely.
This paper parts processing and fixture design mainly have the following contents:
1. According to the requirements of the graduation design specification and known conditions on the parts for analysis.
2. The parts manual drawing
3. Analysis parts processing parts, formulate the process route, fill in process card and process card.
4. A procedure of parts for fixture design
5. Choose the right tools, sure positioning clamping schemes
6. CAD2007 with AUTO spare parts and on the assembly drawing.
Keywords: parts analysis, manual drawing, technology formulating and fixture design, computer aided drawing.
 
目錄
一 緒論
 1.1本課題的任務(wù)……………………………………………
  1.2 本課題研究的重點(diǎn)和意義………………………………
二 零件的分析
 2.1零件的材料分析……………………………..
  2.2 零件的工藝分析…………………
2.3 零件的毛坯選擇………………………..
三 工藝規(guī)程的設(shè)計(jì)
 3.1確定毛坯的鑄造方法和熱處理……………
  3.2基準(zhǔn)的選擇……………………………
3.2.1粗基準(zhǔn)的選擇原則……………………
3.2.2 精基準(zhǔn)的選擇原則………………
  3.3 制定工藝路線………………………
  3.4刀具的選擇和刀具卡片……………
  3.5機(jī)械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛培尺寸的確定……………
  3.6機(jī)床和量具……………………………..
3.6.1機(jī)床的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)……………………
     3.6.2 量具的選擇………………………
  3.7 確定切削用量及工序卡片…………………
3.7.1 粗加工切削用量的選擇原則…………………
3.7.2 精加工切削用量的選擇原則…………………
3.7.3 工時(shí)定額的確定（單件時(shí)間定額）………
3.7.4 確定切削用量及基本工時(shí)………………
四 夾具設(shè)計(jì)
  4.1. 夾具的分類………….
   4.2專用夾具的設(shè)計(jì)方法和步驟………………
  4.3夾具方案設(shè)計(jì)和初步理念…………….
   4.4 定位機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)及誤差分析………………………
      4.4.1 定位基準(zhǔn)的選擇………………………
       4.4.2 確定定位元件，計(jì)算定位誤差………….
       4.4.3 定位銷的選擇和計(jì)算………………
       4.4.4定位誤差的分析與計(jì)算…………
  4.5夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)的確定………………………
     4.5.1夾緊元件的選擇與夾緊力的計(jì)算……………
      4.5.2夾緊元件的強(qiáng)度校核……………………
   4.6 非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件的設(shè)計(jì)………………..
  4.7 夾具技術(shù)的發(fā)展……………………………
     4.7.1柔性夾具的研究和發(fā)展……………
       4.7.2計(jì)算機(jī)輔助夾具設(shè)計(jì)(CAFD)）…………
       4.7.3自動(dòng)化夾具（AFD）……………………….
五.附頁
 5.1 數(shù)控加工工藝卡片………………………………
  5.2 數(shù)控加工工序卡片………………………………..
六.設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)……………………………………………
七.致謝…………………………………………….
八.參考文獻(xiàn)…………………………………………