電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)

摘  要
自本世紀(jì)30年代以來,自動(dòng)化技術(shù)取得了驚人的成就,在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和科學(xué)發(fā)展中起著關(guān)鍵的作用。自動(dòng)控制理論經(jīng)過了幾十年的完善，控制系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展也經(jīng)歷了從簡(jiǎn)單形式到復(fù)雜形式，從局部自動(dòng)化到全局自動(dòng)化，從低級(jí)智能到高級(jí)智能的發(fā)展過程，這期間的幾個(gè)變更都促使了生產(chǎn)力的極大飛躍。
本文介紹了管式電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)過程。該過程主要由三部分組成：要設(shè)計(jì)電阻爐的溫度控制系統(tǒng)，首先要了解這一被控對(duì)象的溫度特性。文中第一部分便介紹了電阻爐溫度特性測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)。然后針對(duì)電阻爐的溫度特性及實(shí)驗(yàn)室現(xiàn)有條件提出了利用電動(dòng)組合儀表（DDZ-III型）儀表組成一套單閉環(huán)負(fù)反饋系統(tǒng)的控制方案，這就是組成了電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)。這在論文的第三部分講到。論文的第二部分講述PID控制技術(shù)，其中涉及到PID控制的原理和特點(diǎn)及PID的實(shí)現(xiàn)和參數(shù)確定等問題。
本次設(shè)計(jì)的溫度控制系統(tǒng)的被測(cè)對(duì)象是實(shí)驗(yàn)室中常見的管式電阻爐，被控參數(shù)是電阻爐的爐內(nèi)溫度。熱電偶作為測(cè)溫元件來檢測(cè)爐內(nèi)溫度，控制系統(tǒng)由熱電偶溫度變送器、常規(guī)的PID調(diào)節(jié)器及角行程的電動(dòng)執(zhí)行器等DDZ-Ⅲ型儀表組成。這里之所以采用常規(guī)的PID控制，一是因?yàn)樵摲椒ɡ碚摮墒?、操作?jiǎn)單、容易掌握、穩(wěn)態(tài)響應(yīng)特性好，對(duì)特性參數(shù)不確定的系統(tǒng)特別適用。再有就是要受實(shí)驗(yàn)室現(xiàn)有條件的限制，對(duì)于這個(gè)精度要求不高的電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)，這套設(shè)備完全可以實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)定的控制目的。
關(guān)鍵詞：管式電阻爐；自動(dòng)化儀表；溫度特性；控制系統(tǒng)
 
Resistance furnace temperature control system
Abstract
Since this century 30's, the automated technology has obtained astonishing achievement let is playing the key role in the industrial production and the science development. The automatic control theory passed through several dozens years consummation, the control system development has also experienced has conformed to simplicity the single form to the complex form, from the partial automation to the overall situation automation, from the preliminary intelligence to the high-level intelligent developing process, this period several changes has all urged the productive forces enormous leap
This article introduced the tubular resistance furnace temperature control system design process. This process mainly is composed by three parts: Must design the resistance furnace the temperature control system, first must understand this is controlled the object the temperature characteristic. In the article the first part then introduced the resistance furnace temperature characteristic test experiment. Then proposed in view of the resistance furnace temperature characteristic and the laboratory existing condition the use electrically operated combination measuring appliance (DDZ-III) the measuring appliance composes a set of single closed loops negative feedbacks system the control plan, has composed the resistance furnace temperature control system. This talks about in the paper third part. The paper second part narrates the PID control technology, in which involves to the PID control principle and the characteristic and the PID realization and the parameter firmly grades the question
This design temperature control system was measured the object is in the laboratory the common tubular resistance furnace, is controlled the parameter is in the resistance furnace stove the temperature. The thermo-element examines in the stove as the temperature element the temperature, the control system changes by the thermo-element temperature, the conventional PID regulator and the angle travelling schedule electrically operated execution the DDZ- III measuring appliance and so on delivering is composed. Here therefore uses conventional the PID control, one is because this method theory mature, the operation simple, is easy to grasp, the stable state response characteristic is good, specially is suitable to the characteristic parameter indefinite system. Again has is must receive the laboratory existing condition the limit, regarding this precision request not high resistance furnace temperature control system, this set of equipment is enough.
Keywords:   Tubular resistance furnace ；Automated measuring appliance；
Temperature characteristic ；Control system
                                                   
目  錄
摘  要 I
Abstract II
第一章  引  言 3
1.1 研究背景 3
1.2 論文結(jié)構(gòu) 4
第二章  總體設(shè)計(jì)概述 5
2.1總體設(shè)計(jì)概述 5
2.2 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容及要求 6
2.3 總體設(shè)計(jì)框圖 6
第三章 電阻爐溫度特性測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn) 8
3.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)介 8
3.1.1 電阻爐 8
3.1.2熱電偶 8
3.1.3 熱電偶溫度變送器 10
3.1.4 紀(jì)錄儀 13
3.1.5 24V標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電源 13
3.1.6 調(diào)壓變壓器 13
3.1.7 PID調(diào)節(jié)器 13
3.1.8 飼服放大器，D型操作器，電動(dòng)執(zhí)行器 14
3.2 電阻爐溫度特性測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn) 17
3.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析 19
第四章  PID控制 27
4.1  PID控制概述 27
4.2  PID控制的實(shí)現(xiàn) 29
4.3  PID控制器的參數(shù)整定 31
第五章 電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng) 34
5.1 電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用 34
5.2 單回路反饋控制系統(tǒng) 35
5.3 控制系統(tǒng)框圖 39
第六章  設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié) 40
參考文獻(xiàn) 41
附  錄 42
致  謝 43