合格作品 字?jǐn)?shù)3795個(gè)字
摘 要
頭孢拉定為第一代頭孢菌素類抗生素，廣泛用于尿路及呼吸道感染,是目前臨床應(yīng)用最廣泛的抗生素之一。然而，由于頭孢拉定化學(xué)性質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定，嚴(yán)重地影響產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，甚至于影響到用藥安全。
本文應(yīng)用IR、UV-Vis、MS、HPLC、XRD等檢測(cè)手段，采用實(shí)驗(yàn)、檢測(cè)與理論分析相結(jié)合的方法，從光譜與結(jié)構(gòu)性質(zhì)、破壞性因素的影響兩個(gè)層面，研究了該化合物不穩(wěn)定性的原因以及破壞性因素的影響程度。
研究表明：溫度和結(jié)晶水對(duì)頭孢拉定影響較大，常見的金屬離子中MnCl2和CoAC2會(huì)與頭孢拉定發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)。紫外光照和晶體形貌對(duì)于該化合物穩(wěn)定性影響不大。此外，本項(xiàng)研究還在質(zhì)譜檢測(cè)的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了全新的頭孢拉定酸堿裂解機(jī)理。
關(guān)鍵詞： 頭孢拉定 、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性、光譜分析
Abstract
Cephradine is 1st generation of cephalosporins, which is used in the treatment of urinary and respiratory infection and is one of the most often used antibiotic. Cephradine is a labile compound，which influents quality of product and even the safety in utilization of drugs.
In this paper, With the combination of theoretical analysis and experiment and Applying spectrum techniques，such as IR, UV-Vis, MS, HPLC, XRD to Analyzing the instability mechanism and extent of destructive factors from spectral and structural properties and disruptive factors.
Research shows that: the temperature and the crystal water greater impact on cefradine, MnCl2 and CoAC2 have obviously complex reaction with Cephradine, UV irradiation and the crystal morphology has little effect for the stability of the compound. In addition, the study proposes a new fragmental mechanism of cephradine basing on mass spectrometry.
Key words : Cefradine stability Spectral analysis
目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第一章 緒論 1
1.1課題來源 1
1.2 β-內(nèi)酰胺類抗生素 1
1.2.1研究β-內(nèi)酰胺類抗生素的意義 1
1.2.2 β-內(nèi)酰胺類抗生素簡(jiǎn)介 1
1.2.3 β-內(nèi)酰胺類抗生素化學(xué)不穩(wěn)定性 3
1.2.4 β-內(nèi)酰胺類抗生素化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性的研究現(xiàn)狀 4
1.3光譜分析在β-內(nèi)酰胺類抗生素中的應(yīng)用 6
1.3.1分析測(cè)試儀器簡(jiǎn)介 6
1.3.2光譜分析技術(shù)在β-內(nèi)酰胺類化合物研究方面的應(yīng)用 8
1.4 密度泛函理論現(xiàn)代分析測(cè)試中的應(yīng)用 9
1.4.1密度泛函理論簡(jiǎn)介 9
1.4.2在β-內(nèi)酰胺類抗生素研究中的應(yīng)用 10
1.5頭孢拉定簡(jiǎn)介 10
1.5.1頭孢拉定結(jié)構(gòu)式 10
1.5.2頭孢拉定性質(zhì) 10
1.6展望 11
第二章 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分 12
2.1試劑 12
2.2儀器 13
2.3 頭孢拉定含量檢測(cè) 13
2.3.1高效液相色譜檢測(cè) 13
2.3.2質(zhì)譜檢測(cè) 14
2.3.3紅外光譜檢測(cè) 14
2.3.4紫外檢測(cè) 14
2.3.5驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn) 14
第三章 光譜分析 17
3.1高效液相色譜分析方法研究 17
3.1.1系統(tǒng)適用性研究 17
3.1.2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液的配制 19
3.1.3線性關(guān)系考察 19
3.2質(zhì)譜分析 19
3.2.1正譜分析 19
3.2.2負(fù)譜分析 22
3.3紅外光譜分析 24
3.4紫外光譜分析 25
第四章 影響化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性因素的研究 26
4.1光照對(duì)頭孢拉定化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性影響 26
4.2溫度對(duì)頭孢拉定化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性影響 26
4.3金屬離子對(duì)頭孢拉定化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性影響 27
4.4晶型對(duì)頭孢拉定化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性影響 29
4.5 pH對(duì)頭孢拉定穩(wěn)定性的影響研究 30
結(jié) 論 31
致 謝 32
參考文獻(xiàn) 33
Contents
Abstract I
Abstract II
ChapterⅠIntroduction 1
1.1 Source Subject 1
1.2 Antibiotics of β- lactam 1
1.2.1 Meaning of β-lactam antibiotics 1
1.2.2 Profile of β-lactam antibiotics 1
1.2.3 Chemical instability of β-lactam antibiotics 3
1.2.4 Chemical stability of the research β-lactam antibiotics 4
1.3 Application of spectrum in the β-lactam antibiotics 6
1.3.1 Introduction of analytical instruments 6
1.3.2 Application of spectrum in the β-lactam antibiotics 8
1.4 Density functional theory in the application of modern analysis 9
1.4.1Introduction of density functional theory 9
1.4.2Application of density functional theory in the β-lactam antibiotics 10
1.5 Cephradine Profile 10
1.5.1 Cephradine Structure 10
1.5.2 The Characteristics of Cephradine 10
1.6 Outlook 11
Chapter Ⅱ Experimental 12
2.1 Reagent 12
2.2 Instrument 13
2.3 Cephradine Levels Detected 13
2.3.1 Detect of High-performance liquid chromatography 13
2.3.2 Detect of Mass Spectrometry 14
2.3.3 Detect of Infrared Spectroscopy 14
2.3.4 Detect of UV-Vis 14
2.3.5 Verification Experiment 14
Chapter Ⅲ Spectrum Analysis 17
3.1 Study on Analytical Method of HPLC 17
3.1.1 Study on System Suitability 17
3.1.2 Standard Solution Preparation 19
3.1.3 Linear relationship between absorption and concentration 19
3.2 Mass Spectrometry 19
3.2.1 Analysis of Positive Spectral 19
3.2.2 Analysis of Negative Spectral 22
3.3 Analysis of Infrared Spectroscopy 24
3.4 Analysis of UV-Vis 25
Chapter Ⅳ Factors Affecting Chemical Stability 26
4.1 Effect of light on chemical stability of cephradine 26
4.2 Effect of temperature on chemical stability of cephradine 26
4.3 Effect of metalions on chemical stability of cephradine 27
4.4 Effect of crystal on chemical stability of cephradine 29
4.5 Effect of pH on chemical stability of cephradine 30
Conclusion 31
Acknow..