柴油機(jī)電子調(diào)速器PID控制算法研究













摘 要





日益嚴(yán)格的排放法規(guī)和其它替代動(dòng)力的應(yīng)用向柴油機(jī)的生存和發(fā)展提出了嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。柴油機(jī)電控技術(shù)能夠顯著改善柴油機(jī)排放性能，還可以有效地降低燃油消耗率、提高發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力性能以及其它性能指標(biāo)。因此大力發(fā)展柴油機(jī)的控制技術(shù)成為目前以及今后的研究重點(diǎn)。



調(diào)速器作為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的控制中心，能根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)載變化情況自動(dòng)地調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)循環(huán)供油量，保持發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速穩(wěn)定，從而保證發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)具有良好的工作性能。本文是基于TY295D柴油機(jī)機(jī)械調(diào)速器的基本原理，開(kāi)發(fā)一種電子控制的調(diào)速器。首先概要的介紹了柴油機(jī)速度特性，建立了調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。其次，分析了常規(guī)PID控制算法應(yīng)用于調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的不可避免的缺陷，提出了積分分離PID控制策略。隨后利用MATLAB/SIMULINK的開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境建立了一個(gè)用于驗(yàn)證算法的柴油機(jī)電子調(diào)速器仿真模型，并在仿真中調(diào)整參數(shù)。仿真結(jié)果顯示，柴油機(jī)的控制效果得到了顯著的提高。





關(guān)鍵詞：柴油機(jī)，電子調(diào)速器，數(shù)學(xué)模型，積分分離PID控制，仿真



 



Study on PID Control Algorithm for Diesel Engine Electronic Speed Governor









ABSTRACT









Increasingly stringent emission regulations and applications of other dynamic substitutes have made flinty challenge for the existence and development of diesel engine. The electronic control technology for diesel engine can't only significantly improve the emission performance of diesel engine, but also effectively reduce its fuel consumption and improve its output and other performance. So it has become research hotspot and trend that developing electronic control technology for diesel engine actively at present and in the future.



As control center of the engine, the governor can automatically adjust the fuel cycle of the engine according to the load changes, keep the speed of the engine on stable, and ensure the engine to work at the good operation performance. This article is based on the basic principle of TY295D diesel mechanical speed governor, developing one kind of the speed governor which is electronic controlled. Firstly this thesis briefly gives an introduction of characteristic of diesel engine speed, then it establishes system mathematical model. Secondly, it has been analyzed that the unavoidable limitation of the conventional PID control for the speed control system of the diesel engine in theory and proposed a PID control strategy of the integral separation. Thirdly, it has been set up that the simulate modes of the speed control system using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The modes can be used to prove the control method and regulate parameters. The simulation results show the great improvement of the engine control performance.



KEY WORDS：Diesel engine, Electronic governor, Mathematical model, PID control of the integral separation，Simulation



目　錄





符號(hào)說(shuō)明 VI



前　言 1



第1章 緒論 2



§1.1 課題背景及意義 2



§1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況 3



§1.2.1 國(guó)外研究概況 3



§1.2.2 國(guó)內(nèi)研究概況 4



§1.3 論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及結(jié)構(gòu)安排 5



第2章 柴油機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)模型 6



§2.1 引言 6



§2.2 柴油機(jī)調(diào)速器數(shù)學(xué)模型 6



§2.3 執(zhí)行器數(shù)學(xué)模型 10



§2.4 本章小結(jié) 10



第3章 PID控制器設(shè)計(jì) 11



§3.1 引言 11



§3.2 PID控制原理 11



§3.3 PID控制算法 12



§3.4 PID算法改進(jìn) 14



§3.5 本章小結(jié) 15



第4章 Matlab仿真 16



§4.1 引言 16



§4.2 Matlab/Simulink軟件簡(jiǎn)介與特點(diǎn) 16



§4.3 PID控制器參數(shù)整定 17



§4.4 搭建Simulink模型 18



§4.5 仿真結(jié)果分析 20



結(jié)　論 21



參考文獻(xiàn) 22



致　謝 24



附　錄 25