單片機(jī)(Single Chip Processor)是將 CPU、存儲(chǔ)器、定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器和 I/O 接口等
多個(gè)部件集成在一塊集成芯片上，是一種集成度高、性能價(jià)格比優(yōu)越、質(zhì)量小、體積小的
微型計(jì)算機(jī)。隨著信息化社會(huì)和知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)滲透到各行各業(yè)，越
來(lái)越多的單片機(jī)產(chǎn)品被應(yīng)用到各個(gè)電子領(lǐng)域，汽車(chē)電子、PDA、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用產(chǎn)品、機(jī)頂盒
等產(chǎn)品的迅速發(fā)展，已成為單片機(jī)市場(chǎng)上新的亮點(diǎn)。另外，計(jì)算機(jī)及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品雖然增長(zhǎng)速
度有所放緩，但需求依然強(qiáng)勁。在通信類(lèi)產(chǎn)品中，普通電話、無(wú)繩電話等都需要消耗大量
的單片機(jī)，這些都將成為單片機(jī)市場(chǎng)未來(lái)發(fā)展的動(dòng)力。
盡管目前已有多家國(guó)際著名公司推出不同類(lèi)型的單片機(jī)，但應(yīng)用最廣的仍屬
IntelMCS51 系列單片機(jī)。ATMEL 公司的 89C2051 芯片功能與 MCS-51 完全兼容，并且它
的尺寸更小，引腳數(shù)更少?；?51 單片機(jī)的電子鐘設(shè)計(jì)就選用 89C2051，指令少、簡(jiǎn)單
易用，完全能滿足本設(shè)計(jì)的需要，性價(jià)高。
本設(shè)計(jì)就是用ATMEL89C2051 單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)鐘功能，不僅要完成硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)，還要
利用偉福編譯器實(shí)現(xiàn)軟件的設(shè)計(jì)。



摘要....................................................................................................................................III
Abstract ........................................................................................................................................IV
1 單片機(jī)概述................................................................................................................................1
1.1 單片機(jī)介紹.......................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 單片機(jī)的技術(shù)發(fā)展.................................................................................................1
1.1.2 單片機(jī)的特點(diǎn).........................................................................................................2
1.1.3 單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用范圍.................................................................................................3
2 電子日歷的硬件設(shè)計(jì).................................................................................................................4
2.1 硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)...........................................................................................................................4
2.1.1 設(shè)計(jì)思路.................................................................................................................4
2.1.2 硬件框圖.................................................................................................................5
2.2 硬件設(shè)計(jì)及器件選擇......................................................................................................6
2.2.1 AT89C2051 芯片.....................................................................................................6
2.2.2 時(shí)鐘與復(fù)位電路設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................8
2.2.3 LED 顯示電路設(shè)計(jì)..............................................................................................10
2.2.4 按鍵電路設(shè)計(jì)....................................................................................................... 11
2.2.5 鬧鈴聲光指示電路設(shè)計(jì)....................................................................................... 11
2.2.6 電源電路設(shè)計(jì).......................................................................................................12
2.2.7 硬件電原理圖.......................................................................................................13
2.3 單片機(jī)硬件總結(jié)............................................................................................................13
3 電子日歷的軟件設(shè)計(jì)...............................................................................................................15
3.1 軟件設(shè)計(jì)及框圖.............................................................................................................15
3.2 程序語(yǔ)言及編譯............................................................................................................17
3.2.1 匯編語(yǔ)言...............................................................................................................17
3.2.2 偉福編譯器...........................................................................................................17
3.3 電子日歷的應(yīng)用程序設(shè)計(jì)............................................................................................18
3.3.1 主程序模塊的設(shè)計(jì)...............................................................................................18
3.3.2 時(shí)間顯示模塊程序設(shè)計(jì).......................................................................................19
3.3.3 鬧鈴時(shí)間顯示模塊程序設(shè)計(jì)...............................................................................20
3.3.4 分鐘計(jì)時(shí)模塊程序設(shè)計(jì).......................................................................................21
3.3.5 時(shí)間日期處理模塊程序設(shè)計(jì)...............................................................................23
3.3.6 時(shí)間設(shè)定模塊程序設(shè)計(jì)...............................